EVS PROJECT ON CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

E.V.S PROJECT ON CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

INTRODUCTION

Conservation of natural resources, the wise use of the earth's resources by humanity. The term conservation came into use in the late 19th cent, and referred to the management, mainly for economic reasons, of such valuable natural resources as timber, fish, game, topsoil, pastureland, and minerals, and also to the preservation of forests (see forestry), wildlife (see wildlife refuge), parkland, wilderness, and watershed areas. In recent years the science of ecology has clarified the workings of the biosphere; i.e., the complex interrelationships among humans, other animals, plants, and the physical environment. At the same time burgeoning population and industry and the ensuing pollution have demonstrated how easily delicately balanced ecological relationships can be disrupted (see air pollution; water pollution; solid waste).Conservation of natural resources is now usually embraced in the broader conception of conserving the earth itself by protecting its capacity for self- renewal. Particularly complex are the problems of nonrenewable resources such as oil and coal (see energy, sources of) and other minerals in great demand. Current thinking also favors' the protection of entire ecological regions by the creation of biosphere reserves. Examples of such conservation areas include the Great Barrier Reef off Australia and Adirondack State Park in the United States. The importance of reconciling human use and conservation beyond the boundaries of parks has become another important issue.

IMPORTANCE

Natural resources can be referred to all the things that we use in our daily life. Our life is heavily dependent on this resource and so it is very important to conserve it.

Importance for the conservation of natural resources are:

1) Some of the main resources are non-renewable and it takes millions of years for their formation, like-coal, and crude oil

2) Coal and petroleum play an important role in development of a country without them development will come to a halt

3) Medicines that cure our most of the diseases are made from natural resources

4) There are end number of things that keeps us alive and makes our survival easy, this all the things are made from natural resources

5) Natural resources are unequally distributed to maintain their stability in the environment their conservation is very important

6) Nature helps to maintain the environmental balance and satisfy the needs to the fullest.

7) A wide range of industrial material and biological material from plant and animal directly or indirectly are used in production and in manufacturing of medicine.

8) Natural resources are available in fixed quantity and they are non- renewable.

 

OBJECTIVES

The objective of conservation of natural resources is to sustain future generations of human beings to few more days on the planet.

The question arises what else is there apart from natural resource? Everything comes from nature including us!!!

The pace at which we are using the resources there is not sufficient time left for the resources to get replenished which lead to rise in the price or make it more precious. I feel if the resource get exhausted there will be interim havoc (till the period of replenishment) later again earth will rejuvenates itself and again humans and other types of life will evolve from the beginning.

Conserving the natural resources is becoming the top priority because these are depleting on an alarming rate. Glaciers are melting down and we are losing our limited reserves of drinking water. Forests are being cut and we ourselves are making it difficult to breathe.

The objectives to conserve natural resources:

To preserve the natural resources.

To increase public awareness through media, government agencies, NGO's etc.

To reduce pollution.

To maintain ecological balance.

To utilize natural resources in a sustainable way.

To save these natural resources for the future generation

PROJECT WORK METHODOLOGY

It is very important that these natural resources are conserved as they are getting exhausted at an alarming rate. Apart from that, it is having an adverse effect on the environment which is indirectly causing harm to living beings. The modern lifestyle and the advance in technology have had a very bad impact on natural resources. Natural resources like coal and petroleum are depleting at a very fast rate, and once they are depleted, we will have to depend on other sources of energy. Therefore, it is very necessary for us humans to act in a way that ensures the conservation of natural resources.

Ways to conserve natural resources are listed below:

1) Walking or cycling for short distances

2) Use of cloth bags instead of plastic bags

3) Try to cut short the usage of plastic and try to replace them by metal containers or biodegradable ones

4) Using the kitchen waste as manure instead of fertilizer

5) Having a small kitchen garden for the supply of oxygen and greenery at home 

6) Using public transport, car or bike pooling for travelling the same amount distance

7) Avoid wastage of food

8) Try using electric bikes or cars rather than fuel ones

9) Purchase products made from recycled materials

10) Recycle materials such as metal cans, old cell phones, and plastic bottles

11) Conserve energy at home (turn out lights when they are not needed)

OBSERVATION

Understanding how indigenous people use and manage natural resources is essential for promoting conservation on indigenous lands. I evaluated how one Shear indigenous community in the Cordillera del Condor of Ecuador use woody taxa in mature and secondary forest, cultivate widen land, value natural resources and view changes to their environment. Field research, conducted from January February of 2003, involved ethno botanical survey methods and interviews with 25 community members. A total of 104 plant species were classified according to ethno botanical use. Food, forage, construction and fuel were the most common use categories for forest plants. In the widen plot, most plants were used for food, with native trees protected among a diversity of cultivars, primarily to attract wildlife. Mining is considered the biggest threat to conservation in the Cordillera del Condor's proposed Shear Protected Area and will need to be addressed by the Shear, supporting NGOs and the Ecuadorian government.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

Conservation of natural resources is now usually embraced in the broader conception of conserving the earth itself by protecting its capacity for self- renewal. Particularly complex are the problems of non-renewable resources such as oil and coal (see energy, sources of) and other minerals in great demand.

Home Tips to Conserve our Natural Resources

Turn the thermostat up two degrees and turn on the ceiling fans. Water plants with a watering can instead of a sprinkler. ...Recycle if possible....Water the lawn during the cooler parts of the day to avoid loss of water from evaporation and wind. Grow a little garden of herbs, vegetables, and fruits

RESULT & CONCLUSION

1. We can have a positive impact on our environment when our activities affect the environment and life in a helpful way. We can do so by conserving natural resources and protecting organisms living on the Earth.

2. We can help to prevent natural resources from running out too quickly by conserving them in three ways: - Reduce - Reuse - Recycle. We can reduce our use of natural resources by cutting down on the use of plastic and paper bags or materials for packaging. • We can reuse paper boxes as storage boxes or plastic bottles as containers.

3. We can recycle plastic, metals, glass and paper by placing unwanted objects made of these materials into recycling bins. They will then be sent for recycling.

4. Think about it... What is the impact on the environment if the type of trays above is used and returned after use in food centres?

5. We can reduce land pollution by keeping places clean and free of litter. This can be done by disposing waste and trash properly.

6. We can also reduce the number of vehicles on the roads by taking public transport or walking if the distance to the destination is short. In this way, we can reduce the use of fuels such as petrol as well as the release of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the air.

7. We can conserve wildlife by protecting their natural habitats. We can also set up more nature reserves so that more wildlife can grow and reproduce.

8. Reforestation is carried out by planting seeds and young plants in forests where trees have been removed. This helps to reduce the negative impact of deforestation and restore the habitats for wildlife. • Planting new trees also help to increase the amount of oxygen and decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

समाचार पत्र

 

समाचार पत्र

 समाचार पत्र, समाज की जागरूकता में एक महत्वपूर्ण साधन है। यह विभिन्न घटनाओं, समाचारों, और विचारों का संग्रहण करने वाला एक प्रमुख माध्यम है जो हमें रोजगार, राजनीति, खेल, विज्ञान, साहित्य, और और कई अन्य क्षेत्रों में नवीनतम जानकारी प्रदान करता है। समाचार पत्र लोगों को राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर हो रही घटनाओं की सूचना प्रदान करके सामाजिक जागरूकता में मदद करता है। यह एक महत्वपूर्ण रूप से सार्वजनिक रूप से लोगों को शिक्षित रखने का कारण बनता है, जिससे समाज में सकारात्मक परिवर्तन हो सकता है।

समाचार पत्रों में समाचार, विचार, और लेख शामिल होते हैं जो विभिन्न दृष्टिकोण से लोगों को जागरूक करने में मदद करते हैं। इसके माध्यम से लोग अपने समाज में हो रहे घटनाओं के साथ जुड़े रहते हैं और राजनीतिक, सामाजिक, आर्थिक मुद्दों पर अपनी राय व्यक्त कर सकते हैं।

समाचार पत्रों का एक और महत्वपूर्ण कारण यह है कि वे लोगों को विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में नौकरियों, शिक्षा के अवसरों, और विभिन्न समृद्धि योजनाओं की जानकारी प्रदान करते हैं। इससे लोगों को अपने लक्ष्यों की प्राप्ति में मदद मिलती है और समाज में उन्नति होती है।विभिन्न भाषाओं, क्षेत्रों, और विचारधाराओं के समाचार पत्र उपलब्ध हैं, जो विविधता को प्रमोट करते हैं और लोगों को एक-दूसरे के साथ जोड़ने में मदद करते हैं। समाचार पत्र एक समृद्धि और विविध समाज के निर्माण में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं और लोगों को सच्चाई का सामना करने में मदद करते हैं।

मैं हिमालय बोल रहा हूँ

 मैं हिमालय बोल रहा हूँ

पहाड़ों की ऊँचाईयों से घिरा हुआ, समृद्धि और शांति का आदान-प्रदान करने वाला, मैं हिमालय हूँ। मेरी ऊँचाइयों में छुपी हुई अनगिनत कहानियाँ, धरोहरों का खजाना और अद्वितीय सौंदर्य हैं। मैं वहाँ से बोल रहा हूँ, जहाँ प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य और आत्मा की शांति मिलती है।

मेरी ऊँचाइयों पर बर्फबारी का राज होता है, जिसे देखकर स्वर्ग की भूमि कहा जाता है। यहाँ के शिखरों से नीचे दुनिया की गहरी खाईयों की ओर जाने वाला मेरा धुंधला सा स्वरूप हर किसी को मोहित कर देता है।

मैं नदियों का संगम हूँ, जहाँ गंगा, यमुना, और सरस्वती जैसी पवित्र नदियाँ मिलती हैं। इन नदियों की धारा मुझसे गिरती है और यहाँ के लोगों के लिए जीवन का स्रोत बनती है। मैं उन नदियों के साथ बोल रहा हूँ, जो नहीं सिर्फ भौतिक स्वास्थ्य का संरक्षण करती हैं, बल्कि आध्यात्मिक ऊर्जा भी प्रदान करती हैं।

मेरी गोदी में हजारों वन्यजनों की जड़ेँ छुपी हैं, जो मेरी जीवंत जीवनशैली को दर्शाती हैं। यहाँ वन्यजीवों की सुरक्षा के लिए कई राष्ट्रीय उद्यान और वन्यजीव अभयारण्य स्थापित किए गए हैं। मैं उन जीवों के साथ बोल रहा हूँ, जो अपने स्वाभाविक हाथों में इस प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य का संरक्षण कर रहे हैं।

मैं भगवान की धरा हूँ, जहाँ शिव-पार्वती, विष्णु-लक्ष्मी, और ब्रह्मा-सरस्वती जैसी देवी-देवताओं के आशीर्वाद से यह सभी भूमि वासिनों के लिए सुरक्षित हैं। मैं उन देवी-देवताओं के साथ बोल रहा हूँ, जो इस भूमि को स्वर्ग बनाने के लिए यहाँ आते हैं।

मेरी ऊँचाइयों में स्थित हिमालयी गुरुकुलों में विद्या और तप का संदेश होता है। यहाँ के ऋषिमुनियों की तपस्या ने मुझे आत्मा के साथ मिला दिया है और इस भूमि को एक आध्यात्मिक केंद्र बनाया है। मैं उन ऋषिमुनियों के साथ बोल रहा हूँ, जो ध्यान और आत्मा के साथ

EVS PROJECT ON BIO DIVERSITY LOSS

 

 

EVS PROJECT ON BIO DIVERSITY LOSS

INTRODUCTION:

Biodiversity loss includes the worldwide extinction of different species, as well as the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat, resulting in a loss of biological diversity. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental degradation that leads to the loss is reversible through ecological restoration/ecological resilience or effectively permanent (e.g. through land loss). The current global extinction (frequently called the sixth mass extinction or Anthropocene extinction), has resulted in a biodiversity crisis being driven by human activities which push beyond the planetary boundaries and so far has proven irreversible.

Even though permanent global species loss is a more dramatic and tragic phenomenon than regional changes in species composition, even minor changes from a healthy stable state can have dramatic influence on the food web and the food chain insofar as reductions in only one species can adversely affect the entire chain (extinction), leading to an overall reduction in biodiversity, possible alternative stable states of an ecosystem notwithstanding. Ecological effects of biodiversity are usually counteracted by its loss. Reduced biodiversity in particular leads to reduced ecosystem services and eventually poses an immediate danger for food security, but also can have more lasting public health consequences for humans International environmental organizations have been campaigning to prevent biodiversity loss for decades, public health officials have integrated it into the One Health approach to public health practice, and increasingly preservation of biodiversity is part of international policy. For example, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity is focused on preventing biodiversity loss and proactive conservation of wild areas.

 

IMPORTANCE:

Biodiversity is linked to cleaner water

Healthy soil is diverse

Biodiversity is vital for healthy plants and animals

Biodiversity means better food security

Biodiversity protects medicinal plants

Less biodiversity means more zoonotic disease

Biodiversity has economic benefits

Biodiversity creates jobs

Biodiversity and extinction are linked

Biodiversity loss can have significant direct human health impacts if ecosystem services are no longer adequate to meet social needs. Indirectly, changes in ecosystem services affect livelihoods, income, local migration and, on occasion, may even cause or exacerbate political conflict additionally, biological diversity of microorganisms, flora and fauna provides extensive benefits for biological, health, and pharmacological sciences. Significant medical and pharmacological discoveries are made through greater understanding of the earth's biodiversity.

Loss in biodiversity may limit discovery of potential treatments for many diseases and health problems. Biodiversity plays a crucial role in human nutrition through its influence on world food production, as it ensures the sustainable productivity of soils and provides the genetic resources for all crops, livestock, and marine species harvested for food. Access to a sufficiency of a nutritious variety of food is a fundamental determinant of health.

 

OBJECTIVE:

1) Conservation of biological diversity leads to conservation of essential ecological diversity to preserve the continuity of food chains.

2) The genetic diversity of plants and animals is preserved.

3) It ensures the sustainable utilization of life support systems on earth.

4) It provides a vast knowledge of potential use to the scientific community.

5) A reservoir of wild animals and plants is preserved, thus enabling them to be introduced, if need be, in the surrounding areas.

6) Biological diversity provides immediate benefits to the society such as recreation and tourism.

7) Biodiversity conservation serves as an insurance policy for the future.

8) It develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources; establish protected areas, restore degraded ecosystems, control alien species, and establish ex-situ conservation facilities; and sustainable use of biodiversity.

 

METHODOLOGY:

Threats to biodiversity and health.

There is growing concern about the health consequences of biodiversity loss. Biodiversity changes affect ecosystem functioning and significant disruptions of ecosystems can result in life sustaining ecosystem goods and services. Biodiversity loss also means that we are losing, before discovery, many of nature's chemicals and genes, of the kind that have already provided humankind with enormous health benefits.

Nutritional impact of biodiversity.

Biodiversity plays a crucial role in human nutrition through its influence on world food production, as it ensures the sustainable productivity of soils and provides the genetic resources for all crops, livestock, and marine species harvested for food. Access to a sufficiency of a nutritious variety of food is a fundamental determinant of health.

 

Nutrition and biodiversity are linked at many levels: the ecosystem, with food production as an ecosystem service; the species in the ecosystem and the genetic diversity within species. Nutritional composition between foods and among varieties/cultivars/breeds of the same food can differ dramatically, affecting micronutrient availability in the diet. Healthy local diets, with adequate average levels of nutrients intake, necessitates maintenance of high biodiversity levels. 

 

The functions of ecosystems and altering native biodiversity. Such disturbances reduce the abundance of some organisms, cause population growth in others, modify the interactions among organisms, and alter the interactions between organisms and their physical and chemical environments. Patterns of infectious diseases are sensitive to these disturbances. Major processes affecting infectious disease reservoirs and transmission include, deforestation; land-use change; water management e.g. through dam construction, irrigation, uncontrolled urbanization or urban sprawl; resistance to pesticide chemicals used to control certain disease vectors; climate variability and change; migration and international travel and trade; and the accidental or intentional human introduction of pathogens.

 

Climate change, biodiversity and health

Biodiversity provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial to human well-being at present and in the future.

Climate is an integral part of ecosystem functioning and human health is impacted directly and indirectly by results of climatic conditions upon terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Marine biodiversity is affected by ocean acidification related to levels of carbon in the atmosphere. Terrestrial biodiversity is influenced by climate variability, such as extreme weather events (i.e. drought, flooding) that directly influence ecosystem health and the productivity and availability of ecosystem goods and services for human use. Longer term changes in climate affect the viability and health of ecosystems, influencing shifts in the distribution of plants, pathogens, animals, and even human settlements.

OBSERVATION:

The biodiversity losses from disturbances caused by humans tend to be more severe and longer-lasting. Humans (Homo sapiens), their crops, and their food animals take up an increasing share of Earth's land area. Half of the world's habitable land (some 51 million square km [19.7 million square miles]) has been converted to agriculture, and some 77 percent of agricultural land (some 40 million square km [15.4 million square miles]) is used for grazing by cattle, sheep, goats, and other livestock. This massive conversion of forests, wetlands, grasslands, and other terrestrial ecosystems has produced a 60 percent decline (on average) in the number of vertebrates worldwide since 1970, with the greatest losses in vertebrate populations occurring in freshwater habitats (83 percent) and in South and Central America (89 percent). Between 1970 and 2014 the human population grew from about 3.7 billion to 7.3 billion people. By 2018 the biomass of humans and their livestock (0.16 gig ton) greatly outweighed the biomass of wild mammals (0.007 gig ton) and wild birds (0.002 gig ton). Researchers estimate that the current rate of species loss varies between 100 and 10,000 times the background extinction rate (which is roughly one to five species per year when the entire fossil record is considered). In addition, a 2019 report by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services noted that up to one million plant and animal species are facing extinction due to human activities.

 

ANALYSIS: 

According to the Living Planet Index (LPI) 2020, decline was captured for the 68% of the monitored population (i.e. 20,811 populations of 4,392 species) for the period of 1970-2016.

The LPI "is a measure of the state of the world's biological diversity based on population trends of vertebrate species from terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats adopted by the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) to track the progress" Only one-third of the overall decline (32%) relates to the period since 2000 where the most decline was for the freshwater species (44%) followed by terrestrial species populations (39%) and marine species (8%) (WWF, 2020) (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020). However, it is important to keep it in mind that most species are understudied and not discovered yet which also leave room for the larger extinction statistics beyond the existing calculations.

CONCLUSION:

In practice, decisions about natural resources are seldom made due to a single factor, but are based on the cumulative weight of many different considerations.

 The value of wildlife to human subsistence, its economic worth and the ecosystem benefits it provides are all important. Additional critical factors may also be far less tangible, such as the link between a particular species and a faith group, or the emotions it creates in some people. Recognizing the value of wildlife is a vital step in building the motivation needed for effective management and conservation.

 Protected areas can never protect all wildlife, and, in some situations, well- managed lands can be more effective vehicles for wildlife conservation than badly managed or under-resourced protected areas. Forestry managers have a critical role to play by

 

 1) Ensuring that forest management is compatible with the survival of native wildlife;

 

 2) Protecting unmanaged edges and patches within the forest estate;

 

 3) Protecting watercourses;

 

 4) Controlling poaching and the bush meat trade;

 

 5) Halting incursions by invasive species

 

One thing is clear: biodiversity loss cannot be halted if we fail to stabilize the climate, and if we are to stabilize the climate as well as to move into the era of low-carbon living, we must protect the biosphere - the very life-support system of our planet.

 

 

HSC PHYSICS CHP 11 MAGNETIC METERIALS

HSC PHYSICS CHP 11 MAGNETIC METERIALS 

MOST  IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 2023/24

1. DEFINE MAGNETIZATION .STATE ITS FORMULA ,SI UNIT & DIMENSIONS

2. WHAT IS MAGNETIZATION

3. DEFINE MAGNETIC INTENSITY AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBLITY 

4. SHOW THAT ORIBITAL MAGNETIC MOMENT OF A REVOLVING ELECTRON IS EVR/2

OR 

5. DERIVE AN EXPRESSION FOR MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT OF REVOLVING ELECTRON

OR 

6. IN AN HYDROGEN ATOM OBTAIN AN EXPRESSION FOR MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT FOR REVOLVING ELECTRON

7. EXPLAIN FERROMAGNETISM ON THE BASIS OF DOMAIN THEORY

8. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DIAMAGNETIC, FERROMAGNETIC AND PARAMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES.

9. DRAW DIAGRAM SHOWING DIPOLE MOMENTS IN DIMAGNETIC,PARAMAGNETIC AND FERROMAGNETIC SUBSTANCE WHEN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD IS ABSENT & WHEN IT IS STRONG

10. WHAT IS CURIE TEMPERATURE AND WHAT HAPPENS ABOVE CURIE TEMPERATURE

11.WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A ROD OF DIMAGNETIC METERIAL IS PLACED IN NON UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD 

 

HSC PHYSICS THERMODYNAMICS

HSC PHYSICS THERMODYNAMICS 

MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 2023/24

1. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL REVERSIBLE & IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS

2. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL ISOTHERMAL PROCESS

3. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL ISOBARIC PROCESS 

4. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL ISOCHORIC PROCESS 

5. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL ADIABATIC PROCESS

6. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL CYCLIC PROCESS

7 . WHAT IS FREE EXPANSION

8. DESCRIBE THE HEAT ENGINE CYCLE AND PV DIAGRAM

9. DESCRIBE PV DIAGRAM

10. EXPLAIN ZEROTH LAW OF DYNAMICS 

11. DESCRIBE HEAT ,INTERNAL ENERGY AND WORK 

12. EXPLAIN FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 

13. WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONER AND HEAT PUMP 

14. LIMITATIONS OF FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

15. EXPLAIN SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 

16. SIGNIFICANCE OF REVERSIBILITY IN THERMODYNAMICS

17. EXPLAIN CARNOT CYCLE & CARNOT REFRIGIRATOR 

18. DESCRIBE STERLING CYCLE 

19. WHY SHOULD CARNOT CYCLE HAVE 2 ISOTHERMAL AND 2 ADIABATIC PROCESS

20. WHAT SETS THE LIMITS ON EFFICIENCY OF HEAT ENGINE 

HSC PHYSICS 2024/25 PRACTICAL PAPER PATTERN

 

H.S.C PHYSICS 2024/25 PRACTICAL PAPER PATTERN

TOTAL 30 MARKS

JOURNAL SUBMISSION (5 MARKS)

ORAL/VIVA (5 MARKS)

LONG EXPERIMENT (10 MARKS)

1. DIAGRAM (1 MARKS)

2. SETTING APPARATUS (1 MARKS)

3. FORMULA (1 MARKS)

4. READING /OBSERVATION (3 MARKS)

5. GRAPH/CALCULATION (2 MARKS)

6. RESULT/CONCLUSION (2 MARKS)

SHORT EXPERIMENT (5 MARKS)

1. DIAGRAM (1 MARKS)

2. OBSERVATION (2 MARKS)

3. GRAPH / CALCULATION (1 MARKS)

4. RESULT (1 MARKS)

ACTIVITY (5 MARKS)

1. PERFORM ACTIVITY (3 MARKS)

2. WRITE UP OF ACTIVITY (1 MARKS)

3. RESULT (1 MARKS)

S.S.C 2024 most important questions science 1 c.h.p 1 gravitation

 S.S.C 2024 most important questions 

science 1 c.h.p 1 gravitation

M.C.Q

The minimum velocity of a spacecraft to escape from gravitational force is ………

The value of gravitational acceleration (g) is ………..

The ……………..force is much weaker than other forces in nature.

The value of universal gravitational constant (G) in SI unit is…………

The gravitational force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of the masses of those bodies and is ……….of the distance between them.

The square of its period of revolution around the sun is directly proportional to the ……….. Of the mean distance of a planet from the sun.

The orbit of a planet revolving around a star is ……

A ……. Is necessary to change the speed as well as the direction of motion of an object.

The value of gravitational acceleration (g) is …………at the equator

The free fall of an object is possible only in…….

The weight of any object on the moon is nearly …………of the weight of the earth

A person weighs 60 N on earth. His weight on the moon will be……

Newton presented the laws of motion, equations of motion and theory of gravitation in his book…….

Laws of planetary motion were discovered by ……………………….

True or false

If the distance between two masses is doubled, the gravitational force between them becomes less than the previous force.

The CGS unit of G is dyne.cm

The value of gravitational acceleration with the centre of the earth is zero.

The value of g is highest at the equator.

The value of G varies from place to place.

As it rises above the earth's surface, its value increases.

The speed of release of an object does not depend on the mass of the object.

Mass is a qualitative measure of the inertia of an object.

Distinguish between

Mass and weight

Give scientific reasons

The weight of the object changes from place to place while the mass is constant

Answer the following

Explain why value of g changes if we go inside the earth

If mass of 2 bodies are m1 and m2 respectively and if distance between them is 3d then force F =

State the 3 planetary laws of KEPLER or of the given figure showing orbit of a planet write the 3 laws related to it

Will the weight of an object on earth will be same as that on mars? Why

What is Free Fall, acceleration due to gravity, escape velocity and centripetal force?

A stone thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity u reaches a height h before coming down show that the time taken to go up is same as time taken to come down.

Let the period of revolution of a planet at a distance R from a star be T. Prove that if it was at a distance of 2R from the star, its period of revolution will be √8T.

EVS Project work on conducting energy audit for energy conservation

 

E.V.S Project work on conducting energy audit for energy conservation

Introduction:

An energy audit is an analysis of a facility, indicating how and where

that facility can reduce energy consumption and save energy costs. Its

insight to energy efficiency and conservation can lead to significant

savings on the utility bill of houses, institutions, companies etc. and

suggest the energy conservation techniques. Hence to put more light in

this conservation technique I have selected this topic.

Energy audit refers to examination and verification of energy

consumption in the form of electricity, gas and other forms of fuel energy

used in households, industries, institutes, schools etc. It can be considered

as the first step towards knowing how energy is being used in a given

facility. It indicates the ways in which various forms of energy are being

Used and quantifies energy use according to different functions.

Energy Audit is an integral part of Green auditing. Green Audit is an

unique process of systematic identification, quantification, recording,

reporting and analysis of components of environmental diversity of

various establishments. It allows us to know the uses of available

resources i.e. Energy, Water quality, Built-up Space, Air quality in the

organization. It was initiated in 1970 with the motive of inspecting the

work conducted within the organizations, which can cause risk to

inhabitants and environment.Rapid urbanization and economic development at local, regional and global level has led to several environmental and ecological crisis.

Hence It becomes essential to adopt the system of environmental audit for institutes, organizations etc. It will lead to sustainable development.In the given research I have made an attempt to conduct the energy audit of my house.

Importance of the Project:

Energy conservation means using energy more efficiently and less wastefully. Conservation of energy is an important energy resource because a Unit of energy saved is as good as a unit of energy generated. It helps you to lower energy bills. It helps you to increase the life span of the equipment. Helps in understanding energy consumption pattern of the Institute and house. By identifying energy wastage areas, saving energy and using renewable energy sources, the institute can become more energy Efficient. Thus Energy audit is a small step towards preventing global warming as well as saving the valuable conventional energy resource

Objectives:

To create awareness towards wastage of electrical energy.

To make statistical analysis of electrical energy usage in order to reduce unnecessary consumption.

To sensitize the community about lawful consumption of electrical energy in their houses and work places.

To study about alternatives to cut down the cost as well as reduce the energy loss.

To find the difference in the electricity bills in order to analyses the impact of alternatives used in conserving electricity.

To learn electric energy consumption pattern and its calculation. 

Methodology

I am doing my research project by applying the survey method in which I have used Interview method to do the analysis of my research have selected my own house to conduct the energy audit have compared the electricity bills of 2 months (January & March respectively) in order to find the difference in the electricity consumption. This difference has helped me to find the reduction in electricity consumption due to the use of alternatives. In interview method I have taken interview of two experts, an architecture and an electrical engineer to put light on my research and to gain in-depth knowledge about electricity consumption its conservation. During interview session I have asked 5 questions each to the experts

Name of the Expert & List of questions asked.

Mr. Rajendra Baburao (Electrical Engineer-Reliance)

1. What is the effect of Wattage difference of same appliances on electricity consumption?

2. Can replacement of a part of electrical appliances help to reduce electricity consumption?

3. Is there any user guide available by which we can use electrical energy more wisely?

4. Is there any specific electrical wires available in the market which helps in reducing the electricity consumption?

5. How to calculate electrical energy consumption of appliances?

Observations:

Analysis:

Calculation of electricity consumption was done in following way:

DATA: 1kWh=1unit

Where, W stands for Wattage which means operating power of electrical

Appliances.

Convert Wattage into Watt-hour = Watt/60 mins

Convert Watt-hour into KWh = Watthr/1000

FOR EXAMPLE: CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION BY TUBE LIGHTS.

Wattage of tube light = 40 W

No. of tube lights = 6 K + B + H

Hrs. of Consumption/day = 8 (On an average) {(4+4+8+8+12+12)/6 = 8}

WattHr./day = 40 X 6 X 8 = 1920

KiloWatt Hr. = 1920/1000 = 1.920

Kilowatt Hr. / month = 1.920 X 31 = 59.52 units

Resultant and Conclusion

After understanding the application of Energy audit in energy Conservation, I have taken an initiative to conduct an energy Audit to calculate and compare the electricity usage at my own House for the month of January and March have reduced the usage of appliances with respect to numbers And hours of operation. Based on the results obtained it has been noticed that without Taking much effort I could save 200 units of electricity. I have consciously made an effort for reducing the hours of Operations and number of appliances like Geyser, Fan, and tube light etc. On regular basis. Along with the conservation of energy this initiative has also given me the financial benefit where I could save around 600 rupees.

EVS Projects List

E.V.S  Projects List ( All Projects )

Click on below links to watch & download 👇

Visited historic place & environmental issues over there 👈( click here )

Project work on global warming 👈( click here )

Project work on organic farming 👈( click here )

Project work on solar energy  👈( click here )

Project work on water pollution 👈( click here ) 

Project work on biodiversity 👈(click here)

Project work on conservation of natural resources 👈(click here)

Project work on airpollution 👈(click here)