HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 ALDEHYDES KETONES MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 ALDEHYDES KETONES  

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. WHICH REACTION IS USED TO CONVERT TOLUENE TO BENZALDEHYDE

2. WRITE THE REACTION TO CONVERT CYCLOHEXANE TO ADIPIC ACID 

3. ACTION OF SODA LIME ON SODIUM ACETATE 

4. WRITE A NOTE ON CLEMMENSENS REDUCTION

5. WRITE THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED IN ROSENMUND REACTION

6. WRITE THE REACTIONS INVOLVED IN GATTERMAN KOCH FORMYLATION

7. WRITE REACTIONS INVOLVED IN CANNIZAROS REACTION

8. PREPARE PROPANONE USING ETHYL CHLORIDE & DIMETHYL CADMIUM

9. CONVERT ETHANENITRLE TO ETHANOL

10. IUPAC NAME OF ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE

11. DEFINE AROMATIC KETONES

12. CONVERT ACETIC ACID TO ACETIC ANHYDRIDE

13. CONVERT ACETIC ACID TO ETHYL ALCOHOL

14. IUPAC NAME OF ALPHA - METHYLPROPANOIC ACID

15. CONVERT CARBOXYLIC ACID TO :: ESTER , ACID AMIDE

16. WHAT IS FORMED WHEN ACETONE IS TREATED WITH 2,4 DINITROPHENYL HYDRAZINE

17. PREPARE ACETIC ACID FROM :: DRY ICE ,  ACETYL CHLORIDE

18. EXPLAIN ALDOL CONDENSATION

19. WRITE A NOTE ON HALOFORM REACTION

20. EXPLAIN CANNIZIAROS REACTION

21. WHAT IS CROSS CANNIZIARO REACTION 

22. EXPLAIN WOLF KISHNER REDUCTION REACTION

23. CLASSIFICATION OF ALIPHATIC KETONES WITH EXAMPLES

24. WRITE A NOTE ON KOLBES REACTION

25. EXPLAIN CLEMMENSONS REACTION FOR PROPANONE

26. WRITE FEHLING SOLUTION TEST FOR ETHANAL 

  

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 11 ALCOHOL PHENOL ETHERS MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 11 ALCOHOL PHENOL ETHERS  

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. WRITE THE HYDROLYSIS REACTION OF ETHYL METHYL ETHER

2. CONVERT ETHANOIC ACID TO ETHANOL

3. NAME THE REAGENT USED TO CONVERT PHENOL TO BENZENE

4. WRITE THE CHEMICAL REACTION TO PREPARE PHENOL FROM ISOPROPYL BENZENE

5. WRITE THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA FOR METHYL VINYL ETHER

6. WRITE A NOTE ON RIEMER TIEMAN REACTION 

7. CONVERT PHENOL TO BENZOQUINONE , PHENOL TO CYCLOHEXANOL

8. CONVERT ACETIC ACID TO ETHYL ACETATE , ETHYL ALCOHOL

9. CONVERT ACETALDEHYDE TO ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

10.  CONVERT CUMENE TO PHENOL

11. CONVERT ANISOLE TO PHENOL

12. CONVERT PHENOL TO BENZENE , PICRIC ACID , BENZOQUINONE

13. PREPARATION OF PHENOL FROM ANILINE

14. WHAT ARE PHENOLS & ETHERS 

15. HOW ARE MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOLS CLASSIFIED

16. WRITE THE DOW PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PHENOL

17. WRITE THE CHEMICAL TEST TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ALCHOHOL AND PHENOL

18. PREPARE PHENOL FROM :: CHLOROBENZENE , CUMENE , BENZENE SULPHONIC ACID 

19. WRITE A NOTE ON FISCHERS ESTERIFICATION. 

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 10 HALOGEN DERIVATIVES MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 10 HALOGEN DERIVATIVES OF ALKANES

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. DEFINE ENANTIOMERS . WHAT IS GIRNARDS REAGENT

2. ACTION OF CONC HNO3 , FUMING H2S04 ON CHLOROBENZENE

3. WRITE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SN2 MECHANISM

4. WRITE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SN1 MECHANISM

5. EXPLAIN OPTICAL ISOMERISM IN 2CHLOROBUTANE

6. WRITE THE ACTION OF FOLLOWING ON ETHYL BROMIDE :: SILVER NITRATE ,MG IN DRY ETHER , ALCHOHOLIC NAOH

7. WHICH PRODUCT IS FORMED WHEN CHLOROBENZENE IS TREATED WITH SODIUM METAL IN PRESENCE OF DRY ETHER

8. CONVERT ETHYL BROMIDE TO ETHYL IODIDE AND ETHYL FLOURIDE

9. EXPLAIN DEHYDROHALOGENATION OF 2CHLOROBUTANE

10. STATE USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CFC

11. WRITE CHEMICAL REACTION WHEN CHLOROBENZENE IS HEATED WITH FUMING H2SO4

12. DEFINE OPTICAL ACTIVITY.EXPLAIN OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF 2CHLOROBUTANE

13. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SN1 AND SN2 MECHANISMS

14. WRITE A NOTE ON WURTZ REACTION.

5 USEFULL WEBSITES FOR ANY EXAM

5 USEFULL WEBSITES FOR ANY EXAM 

1. SITE 1 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

2. SITE 2 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

3. SITE 3 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

4. SITE 4 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

5. SITE 5 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

HSC CLASS12th PRACTICAL BOOK JOURNAL SOLUTIONS ALL SUBJECTS 2027

HSC CLASS12th PRACTICAL BOOK JOURNAL SOLUTIONS 

ALL SUBJECTS ( 2027 )

1. PHYSICS CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

2. CHEMISTRY CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

3. MATHS CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

4. BIOLOGY CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

5. ELECTRONICS CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

6. COMPUTER SCIENCE CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

HSC CLASS 12 PHYSICS PRACTICAL BOOK AND SOLUTION DOWNLOAD PDF

HSC CLASS 12 PHYSICS PRACTICAL BOOK AND SOLUTION DOWNLOAD PDF

EXPERIMENT

SPRING MASS OSCILLATOR CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

SURFACE TENSION CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

NEWTONS LAW OF COOLING CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

SONOMETER LAW OF LENGTH CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

SONOMETER LAW OF TENSION CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

RESONANCE TUBE CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

METER BRIDGE CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

KELVINS METHOD CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

POTENTIOMETER CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF A CELL CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

ZENER DIODE CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

LOGIC GATES CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

ACTIVITY 

EFFECT OF DETERGENT ON SURFACE TENSION CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

SECONDS PENDULUM CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

DIFFRACTION PATTERN CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

HOUSEHOLD CIRCUIT CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

VARIATION OF POTENTIAL DROP OF WIRE CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

USE OF MULTIMETER CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 9 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 9 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. WRITE THE EXAMPLES OF COORDINATION METAL COMPLEXES

2. WRITE THE PROSTULATES OF WERNERS THEORY FOR COORDINATION COMPLEXES

3. DEFINE COORDINATION NUMBER

4. WHAT IS EAN

5. CALCULATE EAN OF COPPER IN CU(NH)3

6. CALCULATE THE EAN OF CENTRAL ATOM IN KFe(CN)6 & CrCO6

7. EXPLAIN THE GEOMETRY OF CU(NH3)6 ON THE BASIS OF HYBRIDISATION

8. WRITE THE NAME OF HEXADENDATE LIGAND

9. GIVE CIS AND TRANS ISOMERS OF CONH3(CL2)

10. EXPLAIN THE FORMATION OF (COF6) WITH RESPECT TO HYBRIDISATION ,MAGNETIC PROPERTY ,GEOMETRY

11. WHAT ARE DISTEROISOMERS

12. WRITE THE NAME OF PLATINUM COMPLEX USED IN TREATMENT OF CANCER

13. HOW ARE LIGANDS CLASSIFIED EXPLAIN WITH EXAMPLE

14. EXPLAIN IONISATION ISOMERISM WITH EXAMPLE

15. ON THE BASIS OF VALENCE BAND THEORY EXPLAIN THE BONDING IN COF6

16. EXPLAIN LIGANDS . WHAT ARE BIDENDATE LIGANDS

17. GIVE THE IUPAC NAME OF PT(EN2) COMPLEX

18. WHAT IS NESSLERTS REAGENT

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 8 TRANSITION ELEMENTS MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 8  MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS

1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LANTHANOID AND ACTINOIDS

2. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN LANTHANOID AND ACTINOIDS

3. WHAT IS LANTHANOID CONTRACTION EXPLAIN ITS CAUSE AND EFFECTS

4. 4 PROPERTIES OF INTERSTITIAL COMPOUNDS OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS

5. WRITE THE CONDITION FOR COLOR OF TRANSITION METAL ION

6. WRITE THE MOLECULAR FORMULA FOR CALAMINE , CHALCOPYRITE

7. CALCULATE SPIN ONLY MAGNETIC MOMENT OF  M2+ ION 

8. CALCULATE SPIN ONLY MAGNETIC MOMENT OF  DIVALENT CATION

9. SALTS OF TI+ ARE COLOURLESS GIVE REASON

10. GIVE THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF GALODIUM ( Z = 64)

11. WHY COMPOUNDS OF METAL IONS ARE COLOURED

12. DEFINE MINERALS WRITE THE FORMULA FOR HEMATITE

13. WHAT ARE INTERSTITIAL COMPOUNDS

14. CLASSIFICATION OF ALLOYS WITH EXAMPLE

15. EXPLAIN GENERAL ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF LANTHANOIDS

16. WHAT IS BESSERMIZATION PROCESS . GIVE USES OF KMNO4

17. WHICH ALLOY IS USED IN FISCHER TROPSCH PROCESS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 ELEMENTS OF GROUP 16,17,18 MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 ELEMENTS OF GROUP 16,17,18  

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. WHICH PRODUCT IS OBTAINED WHEN SELENIUM IS TREATED WITH MAGNESIUM METAL

2. EXPLAIN THE TRENDS IN PROPERTIES OF GROUP 17 ELEMENTS LIKE ATOMIC RADII AND ELECTRONEGATIVITY

3. EXPLAIN ANOMALUS BEHAVIOUR OF FLOURINE 

4. WRITE THE USES OF HELIUM

5. WHAT ARE INTERHALOGEN COMPOUNDS

6. WRITE THE CHEMICAL REACTION OF CHLORINE & SLAKED LIME

7. WRITE 2 USES OF NEON , SULPHUR ,DIOXYGEN

8. EXPLAIN ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR OF OXYGEN WITH RESPECT TO ATOMICITY,MAGNETIC PROPERTY ,OXIDATION STATE 

9. DRAW THE STRUCTURES OF CHORIC ACID ,PEROXY DISULPHURIC ACID ,SULPHORUS ACID.

10. BLEACHING ACTION OF OZONE IS CALLED DRY BLEACH GIVE REASON

11. GROUP 16 ELEMENTS HAVE LOWER IONISATION AS COMPARED TO GROUP 15 GIVE REASONS 

12. EXPLAIN THE TRENDS IN PROPERTIES OF GROUP 16 ELEMENTS LIKE ATOMIC RADII AND ELECTRONEGATIVITY IONIC RADII , IONIZATION ENTHALPHY

13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLOURINE AND OTHER HALOGENS

14. WHAT ARE OXIDES . WRITE ITS DIFFERENT TYPES WITH EXAMPLES

15. WRITE THE ACTION OF CONCENTRATED H2SO4 ON COPPER

16. WRITE THE CHEMICAL EQUATION OF PREPARATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE FROM SULPHUR.

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 CHEMICAL KINETICS MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 CHEMICAL KINETICS 

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ORDER & MOLECULARITY OF REACTION

2. WHAT IS ZERO ORDER REACTION

3. DERIVE INTEGRATED RATE LAW FOR ZERO ORDER REACTION

4. STATE INTEGRATED RATE LAW FOR ZERO ORDER REACTION

5. DERIVE THE RELATION BETWEEN HALF LIFE PERIOD & RATE CONSTANT FOR 1ST ORDER REACTION.

6. DEFINE RATE OF REACTION

7. DERIVE INTEGRATED RATE LAW FOR 1ST ORDER REACTION.

8. EXPLAIN PSUEDO FIRST ORDER REACTION WITH EXAMPLE

9. SHOW THAT HALF LIFE OF 1ST ORDER REACTION IS INDIPENDENT OF ITS INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF THE REACTANT.

10. SHOW THAT THE TIME REQUIRED FOR 99% COMPLETION OF A 1ST ORDER REACTION IS 3 TIMES THE TIME REQUIRED FOR 90% COMPLETION.

11. DEFINE HALF LIFE OF 1ST ORDER REACTION

12. OBTAIN THE EXPRESSION FOR HALF LIFE AND RATE CONSTANT OF 1ST ORDER REACTION.

13. DEFINE INSTANTANEOUS RATE OF REACTION & ISOMORPHISM.

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 ELECTROCHEMISTRY MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. DRAW A NEAT LABELLED DIAGRAM OF LEAD ACCUMALATOR 

2. WHAT IS SALT BRIDGE . WRITE FUNCTIONS OF SALT BRIDGE 

3. WITH A NEAT DIAGRAM EXPALAIN LEAD ACCUMALATOR CELL AND WRITE ALL REACTIONS TAKING PLACE AT THE CATHODE OF THE CELL.

4. CONSTRUCT A STANDARD HYDROGEN AND ZINC ELECTRODE WRITE ITS CELL REACTION AND REPRESENTATION.

5. EXPLAIN ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES . WRITE ITS APPLICATIONS

6. WHAT IS REFERENCE ELECTRODE

7. STATE KOHLRAUSH LAW AND WRITE ITS APPLICATIONS

8. DRAW A NEAT LABELLED DIAGRAM OF STANDARD HYDROGEN ELECTRODE

9. WRITE THE UNIT OF CELL CONSTANT

10. WHAT IS THE VALUE OF 0.2303 RT IN NERNST EQUATION 

11. EXPLAIN H2-O2 FUEL CELL WITH CONSTRUCTION & WORKING 

12. WRITE THE MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION FOR KOHLRAUSH LAW FOR MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY FOR A GIVEN SOLUTION.

13. WRITE NERNST EQUATION AND EXPLAIN THE TERMS INVOLVED 

14. WRITE THE CELL REACTIONS IN LEAD STORAGE BATTERY DURING DISCHARGE   

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 4 THERMODYNAMICS MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 4 THERMODYNAMICS 

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. WRITE THE MATHEMATICAL EQUATION FOR 1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS  FOR ALL THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS

2. STATE THE 2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

3. DERIVE THE RELATION BETWEEN 📐H AND 📐U FOR GASEOUS PHASE 

4. STATE WHETHER ENTROPY CHANGE IS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FOR MELTING    OF  ICE , VAPORISATION OF LIQUID.

5. DEDUCE 1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR ISOTHERMAL AND ISOCHORIC     PROCESS

6. WRITE THE SIGN CONVENTION OF WORK DURING EXPANSION OF GASES

7. DERIVE THE EXPRESSION OF MAXIMUM WORK DONE IN ISOTHERMAL REVERSIBLE EXPANSION OF GAS 

8. DEFINE EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE PROPERTIES

9. DEFINE ISOBARIC AND ADIABATIC PROCESS

10. WRITE 2 STATEMENTS FOR FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 3 IONIC EQUILIBRIA MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 3 IONIC EQUILIBRIA 

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS 

1. DEFINE COMMON ION EFFECT

2. EXPLAIN AMPOTERIC NATURE OF WATER

3. DERIVE THE RELATION BETWEEN PH AND POH

4. DERIVE THE RELATION BETWEEN SOLUBLITY & SOLUBLITY PRODUCT FOR pbcl2

5. DEFINE SOLUBLITY PRODUCT

6. DEFINE ACIDIC BUFFER SOLUTION

7. DERIVE THE EXPRESSION FOR OSTWALDS DILUTION LAW FOR WEAK ACID

8. EXPLAIN LEWIS THEORY OF ACIDS AND BASES

9. WHAT IS BUFFER SOLUTION

10. EXPLAIN MECHANISM OF BUFFER ACTION ON ACIDIC BUFFER

11. DEFINE ACIDS AND BASES ACCORDING TO BROWNSTED LOWRY THEORY

12. WHY DOES AQEOUS CUSO4 TURNS BLUE LITMUS RED

13. WRITE THE HENDERSON HASSELBACH EQUATION FOR ACIDIC BUFFER

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 2 SOLUTIONS MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 2 SOLUTIONS 

MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

1. WRITE THE CONDITION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS

2. WHAT IS OSMOTIC PRESSURE

3. HOW TO DETERMINE MOLAR MASS OF SOLUTE FROM OSMOTIC PRESSURE

4. DEFINE EBULOSCOPIC AND CRYOSCOPIC CONSTANT

5. DEFINE OSMOSIS ,OSMOTIC PRESSURE 

6. DEFINE ISOTONIC SOLUTION , WHAT IS FREEZING POINT OF LIQUID

7. STATE HENRYS LAW

8. HOW SOLUBLITY OF GAS VARIES WITH TEMPERATURE

9. DERIVE RELATION BETWEEN LOWERING VAPOUR PRESSURE AND MOLAR MASS OF SOLUTE

10. DERIVE RELATION BETWEEN LOWERING ELEVATION OF BOILING POINT  AND MOLAR MASS OF SOLUTE

11. DERIVE RELATION BETWEEN LOWERING VAPOUR PRESSURE AND MOLAR MASS OF NON VOLATILE SOLUTE

12. DERIVE EXPRESSION  TO CALCULATE MOLAR MASS OF A VOLATILE SOLUTE BY OSMOTIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

13. WRITE THE SI UNIT OF MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY ,CRYOSCOPIC CONSTANT

14. DEFINE HYPERTONIC AND HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

15. DEFINE MOLALITY

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 1 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 2 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 3 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 4 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 5 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 6 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 6 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 6 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

1. EXPLAIN FSK USING IC 555

2. EXPLAIN MONOSTABLE TIMER USING IC 555

3. IC 555 AS MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

4. IC 555 AS ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

5. 6 APPLICATIONS OF IC 555

6. INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IC 555 AND ITS WORKING

7. EXPLAIN VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING IC  LM317

8. PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 741 WITH FUNCTIONS OF EACH PIN 

9. PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 555 WITH FUNCTION OF EACH PIN

10. EXPLAIN IC 555 AS PAM AND PPM.

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 5 MODERN COMMUNICATIONS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 5 MODERN COMMUNICATIONS

1. WHAT IS MODULATION , COMPARE AM AND FM

2. EXPLAIN NEED OF MODULATION IN COMMUNICATIONS

3. IMPORTANCE OF MODULATION INDEX WITH WAVEFORMS

4. EXPLAIN MODEM WITH DIAGRAM AND STATE ITS USES

5. EXPLAIN AM AND FM WITH WAVEFORMS

6. MERITS OF FM OVER AM.WHAT IS FREQUENCY

7. EXPLAIN FREQUENCY DEVIATION ,GUARD BANDS IN FM

8. WHAT IS NETWORK TOPOLOGY

9. EXPLAIN BUS ,RING,STAR TOPOLOGY

10. EXPLAIN LAN ,MAN ,WAN

11. APPLICATIONS OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE

12. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC OVER ELECTRICAL CABLE

13. 6 APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

14. WORKING OF SATELLITE AS RELAY STATIONS

15. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF GEOSYNC SATELLITES

16. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CELLULAR RADIO WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK

17. CONCEPT OF CELLULAR RADIO WITH NEAT DIAGRAM

18. VARIOUS TYPES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

19. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK 

20. WORKING OF FAX MACHINE WITH DIAGRAM

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 4 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 4 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OPAMP AND FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK

2. STATE 6 IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAMP

3. EXPLAIN ALL PARAMETERS OF OPAMP

4. APPLICATIONS OF LINEAR AND NON LINEAR OPAMP

5. EXPLAIN WORKING OF INVERTING OPAMP

6. EXPLAIN OPAMP AS COMPARATOR , BUFFER

7. EXPLAIN OPAMP AS INTEGRATOR , BUFFER

8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF NON INVERTING OPAMP

9. EXPLAIN OPAMP AS SUBSTRACTOR ,SCHMITT TRIGGER

10. EXPLAIN FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE OF OPAMP

11. DIFFERENT TYPE OF VOLTAGE COMPARATORS

12. OPAMP AS VOLTAGE COMPARATOR , SIGN CHANGER

13. DRAW THE SYMBOL OF OPAMP.

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 3 TRANSDUCERS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 3 TRANSDUCERS

1. EXPLAIN WORKING OF LVDT WITH DIAGRAM & GIVE 2 USES

2. WHAT ARE ACTIVE TRANSDUCERS . WHAT ARE OPTPCOUPLERS

3. WHAT IS TRANSDUCER. EXPLAIN ACTIVE & PASSIVE TRANSDUCERS

4. EXPLAIN WORKING OF THERMISTOR. GIVE ITS 2 APPLICATIONS

5. EXPLAIN WORKING OF PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER

6. WHAT IS PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

7. EXPLAIN WORKING OF OCTOCOUPLER TRANSDUCER

8. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON THERMISTOR , LDR

9. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE SELECTING TRANSDUCER

10. GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF SOUND,PRESSURE,LIGHT TRANSDUCERS

11. EXPLAIN WORKING OF CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCERS

12. GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCER

13. WHAT IS DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCER 

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 2 POWER SUPPLIES

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 2 POWER SUPPLIES

1. EXPLAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER SUPPLY

2. DRAW BLOCK DIAGRAM OF REGULATED POWER SUPPLY WITH FUNCTION OF        EACH BLOCK

3. COMPARE HALFWAVE AND FULLWAVE RECTIFIER

4. WORKING OF CENTERTAP FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

5. WORKING OF HALFWAVE RECTIFIER

6. ADVANTAGES OF BRIDGE RECTIFIER OVER CENTERTAP RECTIFIER

7. WORKING OF VOLTAGE RECTIFIER USING ZENER DIODE

8. EXPLAIN LINE AND LOAD REGULATION AND RIPPLE REJECTION

9. EXPLAIN 3 TERMINAL IC VOLATAGE REGULATOR WITH ADVANTAGES

10. EXPLAIN TRANSISTORISED SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR

11. EXPLAIN VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING SERIES PASS TRANSISTOR

12. EXPLAIN 3 TERMINAL FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR

13. USE OF LM 317 AS ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE REGULATOR 

14. WORKING OF INDUCTOR INPUT FILTER 

15. WORKING OF RC FILTER FOR REDUCING RIPPLE

16. WORKING OF RC AND LC FILTERS

17. WORKING OF RC FILTERS WITH ITS DISADVANTAGES

18. WORKING OF SMPS WITH BLOCK DIAGRAM 

19. EXPLAIN BASIC IDEA OF SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY. 

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 1 INSTRUMENTS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 1 INSTRUMENTS

1. DRAW NEAT DIAGRAM OF CRT AND EXPLAIN EACH ELECTRODE IN IT 

2. EXPLAIN ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSSING SYSTEM OF CRT 

3. TYPES OF DEFLECTION SYSTEM IN CRT

4. USE OF AQUADAG COATING IN CRT

5. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SCREENS

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CRO WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK

7. STATE AND GIVE USES OF ALL CONTROLS OF CRO

8. FUNCTION OF DELAY LINE AND BLANKING CIRCUIT IN CRO

9. EXPLAIN USE OF CRO FOR FREQUENCY, PHASE 

10. EXPLAIN USE OF CRO FOR LISSJAOUS FIGURES

11. EXPLAIN HOW CRO DISPLAYS A WAVEFORM

12. EXPLAIN USE OF CRO FOR MEASUREMENT OF AC & DC VOLTAGE

13. STATE ANY 6 APPLICATIONS OF CRO

14. EXPLAIN WORKING OF FUNCTION GENERATOR WITH NEAT DIAGRAM

15. EXPLAIN WORKING OF TIME BASE GENERATOR WITH DIAGRAM

16. EXPLAIN DMM WITH A NEAT DIAGRAM WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK

17. ADVANTAGES OF DMM OVER ANALOG MULTIMETER 

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST EXPECTED QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 1 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 2 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 3 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 4 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 5 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 6 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

CHAPTER 7 CLICK HERE 👈👈👈

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 7 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 7 

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL COMPUTER WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK.

2. EXPLAIN ALL INPUT DEVICES OF COMPUTER.

3. WRITE A NOTE ON CPU.

4. EXPLAIN ALL OUTPUT DEVICES OF DIGITAL COMPUTER

5. EXPLAIN ADDRESS BUS ,DATA BUS ,CONTROL BUS 

6. EXPLAIN COM , PLOTTER ,IMPACT & NON IMPACT PRINTER

7. EXPLAIN RAM ,ROM, EPROM , EEPROM 

8. EXPLAIN SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES

9. EXPLAIN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEMORY.

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 6 A/D & D/A CONVERTERS

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 6 

A/D & D/A CONVERTERS

1. EXPLAIN COUNTER TYPE A/D CONVERTER

2. NEED OF A/D AND D/A CONVERTER

3. EXPLAIN SIMULTANEOUS TYPE A/D WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE

4. EXPLAIN SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION TYPE A/D CONVERTER

5. EXPLAIN WORKING OF WEIGHTED TYPE RESISTOR D/A CONVERTOR AND  WRITE ITS DISADVANTAGES

6. EXPLAIN WORKING OF R2R LADDER TYPE D/A CONVERTER

7. COMPARE WEIGHTED TYPE AND R2R D/A CONVERTER

8 .EXPLAIN 4 BIT R2R LADDER WITH EXPRESSION FOR O/P VOLTAGE

  

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 5 FLIPFLOP COUNTERS REGISTERS

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 5 

FLIPFLOP COUNTERS REGISTERS

1. EXPLAIN WORKING OF CLOCKED D FLIP FLOP

2. WORKING OF RS FLIP FLOP USING NAND GATES 

3. WORKING OF MASTER SLAVE JK FLIP FLOP.

4. EXPLAIN PRESET AND CLEAR IN FLIP FLOP.

5. EXPLAIN T FLIP FLOP.

6. WHAT IS TOGGLING 

7. WHAT IS MODULUS OF A COUNTER

8. HOW MANY FLIPFLOP ARE REQUIRED TO CONSTRUCT MOD 8,16,32 COUNTERS

9. WORKING OF 3 BIT SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

10. WORKING OF MOD 16 ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

11. COMPARE SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS

12. WORKING OF RING COUNTER

13. EXPLAIN 3 BIT RIPPLE COUNTER

14. EXPLAIN DECADE COUNTER

15. WHAT IS PARALLEL COUNTER

16. EXPLAIN WORKING OF 4 BIT RIGHT SHIFT REGISTER

17. EXPLAIN WORKING OF 4 BIT LEFT SHIFT REGISTER

18. EXPLAIN CONCEPT OF 1 BIT MEMORY CELL .

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 4 MULTIPLEXERS

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 4 MULTIPLEXERS

1. EXPLAIN 1:4 DEMULTIPLEXER WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE

2. EXPLAIN 4:1 MULTIPLEXER WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE

3. APPLICATIONS OF DEMULTIPLEXER

4. IMPLEMENT F(A,B,C) = M(2,4,5,7) USING MULTIPLEXER.

5. CONSTRUCT 16:1 MULTIPLEXER USING TWO 8:1 MULTIPLEXER.

6. ADVANTAGES OF MULTIPLEXER

7. COMPARE MULTIPLEXER AND DEMULTIPLEXER.

8. CONSTRUCT 4:1 MULTIPLEXER USING TWO 2:1 MULTIPLEXER.

9. WHAT IS DECODER EXPLAIN BCD TO DECIMAL DECODER

10. EXPLAIN BCD TO 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY USING IC 746

11. EXPLAIN BCD ENCODER

12. EXPLAIN ENCODER AND PRIORITY ENCODER.

13. EXPLAIN DECIMAL TO BCD ENCODER.

14. EXPLAIN BCD ENCODER USING 4 OR GATES.

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 3 LOGIC FAMILIES & IC

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 3 LOGIC FAMILIES & IC

1. EXPLAIN TTL NOR GATE

2. EXPLAIN CMOS NOR GATE

3. EXPLAIN OPEN COLLECTOR  TTL NAND GATE

4. EXPLAIN TTL NAND GATE 

5. EXPLAIN CMOS INVERTER WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE

6. EXPLAIN TSL INVERTER CIRCUIT

7. EXPLAIN TTL INVERTER CIRCUIT

8. EXPLAIN TRI STATE LOGIC WITH DIAGRAM 

9. 4 CHARECTERISTICS OF DIGITAL IC

10. COMPARE TTL AND CMOS FAMILY

11. CLASSIFICATION OF LOGIC FAMILIES

12. EXPLAIN POWER DISSIPATION , FAN IN/OUT , NOISE MARGIN  

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 2 LOGIC GATES

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 2 (LOGIC GATES)

1. STATE AND PROVE DMORGANS THEOREM WITH TRUTH TABLE

2. PROVE USING BOOLEAN LAWS : A + A" B = A + B

3. EXPLAIN ALL BASIC GATES WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE

4. EXPLAIN NAND AND NOR GATES 

5. CONSTRUCT ALL BASIC GATES USING NAND GATE 

6. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL BUILDING BLOCK

7. COMPARE EXCLUSIVE AND INCLUSIVE OR GATE 

8. EXPLAIN 8 BIT CONTROLLED INVERTER USING EXOR GATE 

9. EXPLAIN  4 BIT  BINARY ADDER AND SUBSTRACTER 

10. EXPLAIN HALF ADDER AND FULL ADDER USING LOGIC GATES

11. EXPLAIN 4 BIT PARITY CHECKER . 

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 1 NUMBER SYSTEMS

HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 1 NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS WITH THEIR RADIX

2. EXPLAIN 1S COMPLIMENT AND 2S COMPLIMENT WITH EXAMPLES

3. EXPLAIN HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM.

4. CONVERT (AB9)hex to (   )binary.

5. EXPLAIN SUBSTRACTION USING 1S & 2S COMPLIMENT WITH EXAMPLES.

6. EXPLAIN ASCII ,BCD  AND EBCIDIC CODES.

7. EXPLAIN BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION WITH EXAMPLE 

8. EXPLAIN VARIOUS CODES IN NUMBER SYSTEM.

9. CONVERT (12)decimal  TO BINARY .

10. CONVERT  (17)decimal to BCD.

11. EXPLAIN RULES OF BINARY ADDITION AND SUBSTRACTION 

12. EXPLAIN DOUBLE DABBLE METHOD 

13. EXPLAIN   LSB ,  MSB , BYTE ,  NIBBLE  

HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 BOARD EXAM PAPER

 HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 BOARD EXAM PAPER 

(1A)

1. IN ANY LOGIC FAMILY WHEN SPEED OF OPERATION IS INCREASED THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POWER DISSIPATED IS ________________________

2. 1:64 DEMULTIPLEXER CAN BE DESIGNED WITH _________ SELECT LINES 

3. IN ____________ A/D CONVERTERS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION MANY COMPARATORS ARE NECESSARY 

4. TO PRODUCE GRAPHICAL IMAGES ____________ DEVICE IS USED.

(1B)

1. WRITE A SUITABLE EXAMPLE OF HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION 

2. DEFINE POWER DISSIPATION , FANIN/OUT,NIOSE MARGIN

3. EXPLAIN WORKING OF MASTER SLAVE JK FLIP-FLOP WITH DIAGRAM

(2A)

1.SOLVE (1110)2 - (0101)2

2.DRAW AND EXPLAIN BASIC CIRCUIT OF CMOS INVERTER 

3.DRAW CIRUIT DIAGRAM OF 4BIT RIGHT SHIFT REGISTER WITH D FLIPFLOP

(2B)  

1.STATE & PROVE DMORGANS THEOREM WITH TRUTH TABLE

2.EXPLAIN 4:1 MULTIPLEXER USING LOGIC GATES 

(3A)

1.DRAW AND EXPLAIN BASIC CIRCUIT OF TTL NOR GATE 

2.IMPLEMENT F(A,B,C) = M(2,4,5,7) USING MULTIPLEXER

3.EXPLAIN WORKING OF COUNTER TYPE A/D CONVERTER

(3B)

1.EXPLAIN WORKING OF 3BIT SYNC COUNTER WITH DIAGRAM.

2.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGTAL COMPUTER WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK

(4A)

1. EXPLAIN 1S COMPLIMENT & 2S COMPLIMENT WITH EXAMPLES

2. EXPLAIN NAND AND NOR GATES IN BRIEF

3. WORKING OF CLOCKED RS FLIPFLOP USING NAND GATES 

(4B)

1. EXPLAIN 1:4 DEMULTIPLEXER WITH DIAGRAM, TT, 1 APPLICATION

2. EXPLAIN R2R LADDER TYPE D/A CONVERTER.

(5A)

1. EXPLAIN HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM .CONVERT(AB9)16 TO ( )2 

2. IMPLEMENT F1 = M(1,3,5,7)  , F2 = (2,4,6)

3. EXPLAIN RAM ,EPROM ,EEPROM

(5B)

1. PROVE A + A  .B = A + B

2. WHAT IS MODULUS OF A COUNTER

3. HOW TO FLIPFLOPS ARE REQUIRED TO CONSTRUCT MOD 8 ,16 ,32 COUNTER

(OR )

1. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT NUMBER SYSTEMS WITH RADIX

2. EXPLAIN HALF ADDER WITH LOGIC DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE 

3. EXPLAIN WORKING OF CLOCKED D FLIP FLOP 

4. WHAT IS DECODER EXPLAIN BCD TO DECIMAL DECODER

5. EXPLAIN WEIGHTED REGISTER TYPE D/A CONVERTER

6. WRITE ITS DISADVANTAGES . 

     

 

Maharashtra hsc result 2026

 Maharashtra HSC result 2026

Official websites Click below to check 👇

Link 1 Click here 👈👈👈

Link 2 Click here 👈👈👈

Link 3 click here 👈👈👈

LIST OF COLLEGES IN MUMBAI

 LIST OF COLLEGES IN MUMBAI

St. Xavier's College

Jai Hind College

H.R. College of Commerce and Economics

Kishinchand Chellaram College

Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics

Elphinstone College

Wilson College

Ramnarain Ruia College

Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College

Guru Nanak Khalsa College

D. G. Ruparel College

SIES College of Arts Science and Commerce

South Indians Welfare Society College

Mithibai College

Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics

K. J. Somaiya College of Arts and Commerce

K. J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce

Bhavan's College

M. M. K. College

Tolani College of Commerce

Patkar Varde College

St. Andrew's College

NES Ratnam College

Mulund College of Commerce

S. K. Somaiya College

SIES College Nerul

Royal College Mira Road

Birla College

Sir J. J. College of Architecture

L. S. Raheja School of Architecture

Institute of Forensic Science Mumbai

who invented zero in mathematics

who invented zero in mathematics

The story of zero is actually pretty fascinating. It wasn’t invented overnight by just one person—it developed over time. But the mathematician most often credited for truly defining zero is Brahmagupta from India.

Around the 7th century, he treated zero as a real number and explained how it works in calculations, like adding or subtracting it. Before that, ancient civilizations such as the Babylonians and the Mayans had symbols for zero, but mainly as placeholders—not as a number you could calculate with.

What makes Brahmagupta’s work special is that he gave zero meaning and rules, which made math much more powerful. From India, this idea spread across the world and became essential for everything—from basic arithmetic to modern computers.

In simple terms, zero grew over time, but Brahmagupta made it what it is today.

Complete List of State Board Websites (India)

 

Complete List of State Board Websites (India)

Andhra Pradesh

• BSEAP (10th): https://bse.ap.gov.in
• BIEAP (12th): https://bieap.apcfss.in

Assam

• SEBA: https://sebaonline.org
• AHSEC: https://ahsec.nic.in

Bihar

• BSEB: https://biharboardonline.bihar.gov.in

Chhattisgarh

• CGBSE: https://cgbse.nic.in

Goa

• GBSHSE: https://gbshse.in

Gujarat

• GSEB: https://gseb.org

Haryana

• HBSE: https://bseh.org.in

Himachal Pradesh

• HPBOSE: https://hpbose.org

Jammu & Kashmir

• JKBOSE: https://jkbose.nic.in

Jharkhand

• JAC: https://jac.jharkhand.gov.in

Karnataka

• KSEAB: https://kseab.karnataka.gov.in

Kerala

• KBPE (10th): https://kbpe.org
• DHSE (12th): https://dhsekerala.gov.in
• Pareeksha Bhavan: https://pareekshabhavan.kerala.gov.in

Madhya Pradesh

• MPBSE: http://mpbse.nic.in

Maharashtra

• MSBSHSE: https://mahahsscboard.in

Manipur

• BSEM: https://bsem.nic.in
• COHSEM (12th): https://cohsem.nic.in

Meghalaya

• MBOSE: https://mbose.in

Mizoram

• MBSE: https://mbse.edu.in

Nagaland

• NBSE: https://nbsenl.edu.in

Odisha

• BSE Odisha (10th): http://bseodisha.ac.in
• CHSE Odisha (12th): https://chseodisha.nic.in

Punjab

• PSEB: https://pseb.ac.in

Rajasthan

• RBSE: http://rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in

Tamil Nadu

• DGE TN: https://dge.tn.gov.in

Telangana

• BSE Telangana (10th): https://bse.telangana.gov.in
• TSBIE (12th): https://tsbie.cgg.gov.in

Tripura

• TBSE: https://tbse.tripura.gov.in

Uttar Pradesh

• UPMSP: https://upmsp.edu.in

Uttarakhand

• UBSE: http://ubse.uk.gov.in

West Bengal

• WBBSE (10th): https://wbbse.wb.gov.in
• WBCHSE (12th): https://wbchse.wb.gov.in