HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 6 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
1. EXPLAIN FSK USING IC 555
2. EXPLAIN MONOSTABLE TIMER USING IC 555
3. IC 555 AS MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
4. IC 555 AS ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
5. 6 APPLICATIONS OF IC 555
6. INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IC 555 AND ITS WORKING
7. EXPLAIN VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING IC LM317
8. PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 741 WITH FUNCTIONS OF EACH PIN
9. PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 555 WITH FUNCTION OF EACH PIN
10. EXPLAIN IC 555 AS PAM AND PPM.
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 5 MODERN COMMUNICATIONS
1. WHAT IS MODULATION , COMPARE AM AND FM
2. EXPLAIN NEED OF MODULATION IN COMMUNICATIONS
3. IMPORTANCE OF MODULATION INDEX WITH WAVEFORMS
4. EXPLAIN MODEM WITH DIAGRAM AND STATE ITS USES
5. EXPLAIN AM AND FM WITH WAVEFORMS
6. MERITS OF FM OVER AM.WHAT IS FREQUENCY
7. EXPLAIN FREQUENCY DEVIATION ,GUARD BANDS IN FM
8. WHAT IS NETWORK TOPOLOGY
9. EXPLAIN BUS ,RING,STAR TOPOLOGY
10. EXPLAIN LAN ,MAN ,WAN
11. APPLICATIONS OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE
12. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC OVER ELECTRICAL CABLE
13. 6 APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
14. WORKING OF SATELLITE AS RELAY STATIONS
15. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF GEOSYNC SATELLITES
16. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CELLULAR RADIO WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
17. CONCEPT OF CELLULAR RADIO WITH NEAT DIAGRAM
18. VARIOUS TYPES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
19. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
20. WORKING OF FAX MACHINE WITH DIAGRAM
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 4 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OPAMP AND FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
2. STATE 6 IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAMP
3. EXPLAIN ALL PARAMETERS OF OPAMP
4. APPLICATIONS OF LINEAR AND NON LINEAR OPAMP
5. EXPLAIN WORKING OF INVERTING OPAMP
6. EXPLAIN OPAMP AS COMPARATOR , BUFFER
7. EXPLAIN OPAMP AS INTEGRATOR , BUFFER
8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF NON INVERTING OPAMP
9. EXPLAIN OPAMP AS SUBSTRACTOR ,SCHMITT TRIGGER
10. EXPLAIN FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE OF OPAMP
11. DIFFERENT TYPE OF VOLTAGE COMPARATORS
12. OPAMP AS VOLTAGE COMPARATOR , SIGN CHANGER
13. DRAW THE SYMBOL OF OPAMP.
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 3 TRANSDUCERS
1. EXPLAIN WORKING OF LVDT WITH DIAGRAM & GIVE 2 USES
2. WHAT ARE ACTIVE TRANSDUCERS . WHAT ARE OPTPCOUPLERS
3. WHAT IS TRANSDUCER. EXPLAIN ACTIVE & PASSIVE TRANSDUCERS
4. EXPLAIN WORKING OF THERMISTOR. GIVE ITS 2 APPLICATIONS
5. EXPLAIN WORKING OF PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
6. WHAT IS PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
7. EXPLAIN WORKING OF OCTOCOUPLER TRANSDUCER
8. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON THERMISTOR , LDR
9. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE SELECTING TRANSDUCER
10. GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF SOUND,PRESSURE,LIGHT TRANSDUCERS
11. EXPLAIN WORKING OF CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCERS
12. GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCER
13. WHAT IS DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCER
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2 POWER SUPPLIES
1. EXPLAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER SUPPLY
2. DRAW BLOCK DIAGRAM OF REGULATED POWER SUPPLY WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
3. COMPARE HALFWAVE AND FULLWAVE RECTIFIER
4. WORKING OF CENTERTAP FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
5. WORKING OF HALFWAVE RECTIFIER
6. ADVANTAGES OF BRIDGE RECTIFIER OVER CENTERTAP RECTIFIER
7. WORKING OF VOLTAGE RECTIFIER USING ZENER DIODE
8. EXPLAIN LINE AND LOAD REGULATION AND RIPPLE REJECTION
9. EXPLAIN 3 TERMINAL IC VOLATAGE REGULATOR WITH ADVANTAGES
10. EXPLAIN TRANSISTORISED SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR
11. EXPLAIN VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING SERIES PASS TRANSISTOR
12. EXPLAIN 3 TERMINAL FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR
13. USE OF LM 317 AS ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE REGULATOR
14. WORKING OF INDUCTOR INPUT FILTER
15. WORKING OF RC FILTER FOR REDUCING RIPPLE
16. WORKING OF RC AND LC FILTERS
17. WORKING OF RC FILTERS WITH ITS DISADVANTAGES
18. WORKING OF SMPS WITH BLOCK DIAGRAM
19. EXPLAIN BASIC IDEA OF SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY.
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 1 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 INSTRUMENTS
1. DRAW NEAT DIAGRAM OF CRT AND EXPLAIN EACH ELECTRODE IN IT
2. EXPLAIN ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSSING SYSTEM OF CRT
3. TYPES OF DEFLECTION SYSTEM IN CRT
4. USE OF AQUADAG COATING IN CRT
5. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SCREENS
6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CRO WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
7. STATE AND GIVE USES OF ALL CONTROLS OF CRO
8. FUNCTION OF DELAY LINE AND BLANKING CIRCUIT IN CRO
9. EXPLAIN USE OF CRO FOR FREQUENCY, PHASE
10. EXPLAIN USE OF CRO FOR LISSJAOUS FIGURES
11. EXPLAIN HOW CRO DISPLAYS A WAVEFORM
12. EXPLAIN USE OF CRO FOR MEASUREMENT OF AC & DC VOLTAGE
13. STATE ANY 6 APPLICATIONS OF CRO
14. EXPLAIN WORKING OF FUNCTION GENERATOR WITH NEAT DIAGRAM
15. EXPLAIN WORKING OF TIME BASE GENERATOR WITH DIAGRAM
16. EXPLAIN DMM WITH A NEAT DIAGRAM WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
17. ADVANTAGES OF DMM OVER ANALOG MULTIMETER
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 7
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL COMPUTER WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK.
2. EXPLAIN ALL INPUT DEVICES OF COMPUTER.
3. WRITE A NOTE ON CPU.
4. EXPLAIN ALL OUTPUT DEVICES OF DIGITAL COMPUTER
5. EXPLAIN ADDRESS BUS ,DATA BUS ,CONTROL BUS
6. EXPLAIN COM , PLOTTER ,IMPACT & NON IMPACT PRINTER
7. EXPLAIN RAM ,ROM, EPROM , EEPROM
8. EXPLAIN SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES
9. EXPLAIN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEMORY.
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 6
A/D & D/A CONVERTERS
1. EXPLAIN COUNTER TYPE A/D CONVERTER
2. NEED OF A/D AND D/A CONVERTER
3. EXPLAIN SIMULTANEOUS TYPE A/D WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE
4. EXPLAIN SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION TYPE A/D CONVERTER
5. EXPLAIN WORKING OF WEIGHTED TYPE RESISTOR D/A CONVERTOR AND WRITE ITS DISADVANTAGES
6. EXPLAIN WORKING OF R2R LADDER TYPE D/A CONVERTER
7. COMPARE WEIGHTED TYPE AND R2R D/A CONVERTER
8 .EXPLAIN 4 BIT R2R LADDER WITH EXPRESSION FOR O/P VOLTAGE
HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CHAPTER 5
FLIPFLOP COUNTERS REGISTERS
1. EXPLAIN WORKING OF CLOCKED D FLIP FLOP
2. WORKING OF RS FLIP FLOP USING NAND GATES
3. WORKING OF MASTER SLAVE JK FLIP FLOP.
4. EXPLAIN PRESET AND CLEAR IN FLIP FLOP.
5. EXPLAIN T FLIP FLOP.
6. WHAT IS TOGGLING
7. WHAT IS MODULUS OF A COUNTER
8. HOW MANY FLIPFLOP ARE REQUIRED TO CONSTRUCT MOD 8,16,32 COUNTERS
9. WORKING OF 3 BIT SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER
10. WORKING OF MOD 16 ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER
11. COMPARE SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS
12. WORKING OF RING COUNTER
13. EXPLAIN 3 BIT RIPPLE COUNTER
14. EXPLAIN DECADE COUNTER
15. WHAT IS PARALLEL COUNTER
16. EXPLAIN WORKING OF 4 BIT RIGHT SHIFT REGISTER
17. EXPLAIN WORKING OF 4 BIT LEFT SHIFT REGISTER
18. EXPLAIN CONCEPT OF 1 BIT MEMORY CELL .
HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 3 LOGIC FAMILIES & IC
1. EXPLAIN TTL NOR GATE
2. EXPLAIN CMOS NOR GATE
3. EXPLAIN OPEN COLLECTOR TTL NAND GATE
4. EXPLAIN TTL NAND GATE
5. EXPLAIN CMOS INVERTER WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE
6. EXPLAIN TSL INVERTER CIRCUIT
7. EXPLAIN TTL INVERTER CIRCUIT
8. EXPLAIN TRI STATE LOGIC WITH DIAGRAM
9. 4 CHARECTERISTICS OF DIGITAL IC
10. COMPARE TTL AND CMOS FAMILY
11. CLASSIFICATION OF LOGIC FAMILIES
12. EXPLAIN POWER DISSIPATION , FAN IN/OUT , NOISE MARGIN
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2 (LOGIC GATES)
1. STATE AND PROVE DMORGANS THEOREM WITH TRUTH TABLE
2. PROVE USING BOOLEAN LAWS : A + A" B = A + B
3. EXPLAIN ALL BASIC GATES WITH DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE
4. EXPLAIN NAND AND NOR GATES
5. CONSTRUCT ALL BASIC GATES USING NAND GATE
6. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL BUILDING BLOCK
7. COMPARE EXCLUSIVE AND INCLUSIVE OR GATE
8. EXPLAIN 8 BIT CONTROLLED INVERTER USING EXOR GATE
9. EXPLAIN 4 BIT BINARY ADDER AND SUBSTRACTER
10. EXPLAIN HALF ADDER AND FULL ADDER USING LOGIC GATES
11. EXPLAIN 4 BIT PARITY CHECKER .
HSC 2027 ELECTRONICS 2 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS WITH THEIR RADIX
2. EXPLAIN 1S COMPLIMENT AND 2S COMPLIMENT WITH EXAMPLES
3. EXPLAIN HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM.
4. CONVERT (AB9)hex to ( )binary.
5. EXPLAIN SUBSTRACTION USING 1S & 2S COMPLIMENT WITH EXAMPLES.
6. EXPLAIN ASCII ,BCD AND EBCIDIC CODES.
7. EXPLAIN BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION WITH EXAMPLE
8. EXPLAIN VARIOUS CODES IN NUMBER SYSTEM.
9. CONVERT (12)decimal TO BINARY .
10. CONVERT (17)decimal to BCD.
11. EXPLAIN RULES OF BINARY ADDITION AND SUBSTRACTION
12. EXPLAIN DOUBLE DABBLE METHOD
13. EXPLAIN LSB , MSB , BYTE , NIBBLE
HSC 2026 ELECTRONICS 2 BOARD EXAM PAPER
(1A)
1. IN ANY LOGIC FAMILY WHEN SPEED OF OPERATION IS INCREASED THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POWER DISSIPATED IS ________________________
2. 1:64 DEMULTIPLEXER CAN BE DESIGNED WITH _________ SELECT LINES
3. IN ____________ A/D CONVERTERS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION MANY COMPARATORS ARE NECESSARY
4. TO PRODUCE GRAPHICAL IMAGES ____________ DEVICE IS USED.
(1B)
1. WRITE A SUITABLE EXAMPLE OF HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION
2. DEFINE POWER DISSIPATION , FANIN/OUT,NIOSE MARGIN
3. EXPLAIN WORKING OF MASTER SLAVE JK FLIP-FLOP WITH DIAGRAM
(2A)
1.SOLVE (1110)2 - (0101)2
2.DRAW AND EXPLAIN BASIC CIRCUIT OF CMOS INVERTER
3.DRAW CIRUIT DIAGRAM OF 4BIT RIGHT SHIFT REGISTER WITH D FLIPFLOP
(2B)
1.STATE & PROVE DMORGANS THEOREM WITH TRUTH TABLE
2.EXPLAIN 4:1 MULTIPLEXER USING LOGIC GATES
(3A)
1.DRAW AND EXPLAIN BASIC CIRCUIT OF TTL NOR GATE
2.IMPLEMENT F(A,B,C) = M(2,4,5,7) USING MULTIPLEXER
3.EXPLAIN WORKING OF COUNTER TYPE A/D CONVERTER
(3B)
1.EXPLAIN WORKING OF 3BIT SYNC COUNTER WITH DIAGRAM.
2.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGTAL COMPUTER WITH FUNCTION OF EACH BLOCK
(4A)
1. EXPLAIN 1S COMPLIMENT & 2S COMPLIMENT WITH EXAMPLES
2. EXPLAIN NAND AND NOR GATES IN BRIEF
3. WORKING OF CLOCKED RS FLIPFLOP USING NAND GATES
(4B)
1. EXPLAIN 1:4 DEMULTIPLEXER WITH DIAGRAM, TT, 1 APPLICATION
2. EXPLAIN R2R LADDER TYPE D/A CONVERTER.
(5A)
1. EXPLAIN HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM .CONVERT(AB9)16 TO ( )2
2. IMPLEMENT F1 = M(1,3,5,7) , F2 = (2,4,6)
3. EXPLAIN RAM ,EPROM ,EEPROM
(5B)
1. PROVE A + A .B = A + B
2. WHAT IS MODULUS OF A COUNTER
3. HOW TO FLIPFLOPS ARE REQUIRED TO CONSTRUCT MOD 8 ,16 ,32 COUNTER
(OR )
1. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT NUMBER SYSTEMS WITH RADIX
2. EXPLAIN HALF ADDER WITH LOGIC DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE
3. EXPLAIN WORKING OF CLOCKED D FLIP FLOP
4. WHAT IS DECODER EXPLAIN BCD TO DECIMAL DECODER
5. EXPLAIN WEIGHTED REGISTER TYPE D/A CONVERTER
6. WRITE ITS DISADVANTAGES .
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who invented zero in mathematics
Around the 7th century, he treated zero as a real number and explained how it works in calculations, like adding or subtracting it. Before that, ancient civilizations such as the Babylonians and the Mayans had symbols for zero, but mainly as placeholders—not as a number you could calculate with.
What makes Brahmagupta’s work special is that he gave zero meaning and rules, which made math much more powerful. From India, this idea spread across the world and became essential for everything—from basic arithmetic to modern computers.
In simple terms, zero grew over time, but Brahmagupta made it what it is today.
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