HSC 2026 Book keeping /Accounts Chapter 1 Most Expected Questions

Chapter 1

1. Closing Stock Questions.

2. Outstanding Expenses.

3. Depreciation Questions.

4. RDD /Bad debts.

5. Drawings on intrest of capital.

6. Drawings on prepaid expenses.

HSC 2026 Chemistry chapter 1 Solid State

Most Expected Questions 

1. Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.

2. How many atoms are there in FCC explain.

3. Explain schotky and frenkel defect.

4. Explain metal deficiency with example.

5 . Substitutional and interstitial impurities defect

6. Calculate percentage packing efficiency in case of SCC ,FCC. 

7. All pyq from ylearn app.

HSC 2026 Physics chapter 13 AC Circuits.

Most Expected Questions.

1. Explain inductive reactance , capacitive reactance

2. Explain impedance, admittance.

3. State formula for average power in AC Circuits & Formula for power factor.

4. Conditions for current and impedance in series & parallel resonant circuit.

5. What is average value of AC current over a complete cycle.

6. When is an AC Circuit inductive.

7. Derive an expression for impedance for LCR circuit. Draw it's phasor diagram.

8. Solve all solved numericals from textbook.

HSC 2026 Physics chapter 12 Electromagnetic Induction

Most Expected Questions ( 4 -5 marks Fix)

1. What is transformer.

2. Explain the construction and working principle of transformer.

3. Derive the equation of transformer.

4. Distinguish between stepup and stepdown transformer.

5. Define self induction and mutual induction.

6. What are Eddy currents. Write it's 2 applications.

7. State Faraday laws of Electromagnetic Induction.

8. State Lenz law of Electromagnetic Induction.

9. Obtain an expression for rotational EMF of conducting bar in an uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of rotation.

10. Obtain an expression for EMF generated in a conductor moving in an uniform magnetic field along x axis.

HSC 2026 Physics chapter 14 Dual Nature

Confirm Questions ( 5 marks Fix)

1. What is photo electric effect.

2. State two characteristics of photoelectric effect.

3. With a neat diagram explain the experimental setup to study photoelectric effect.

4. State Einstein's Photo electric equation and mention the significance of each term in it.

5. What is debroglies hypothesis. Obtain an expression for debroglies wavelength.

6. What is debroglies wavelength. Obtain an expression for it.

7. Define photo electric work function, threshold frequency, stopping potential.

HSC 2026 Physics Current Electricity

Most Expected Questions ( 5-6 marks Fix Fix...)

1. What is value of resistance in an ideal voltmeter.

2. Define Potential Gradient

3. What is Shunt. 

4. State Kirchoffs law of electricity.

5. Define Loop , Junction,Node.

6. Conversation of Mcg to ammeter.

7. Conversion of Mcg to voltmeter.

8. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter.

9. Distinguish between potentiometer and voltmeter.

10. Advantages of potentiometer over voltmeter.

11. With a neat diagram explain calculation of unknown resistance using meter bridge.

12. Obtain the balancing condition for wheatstone Bridge.

13. Explain calculation of internal resistance using potentiometer.

14. Show that deflection in MCG is directly proportional to the current passing through it.

Appreciation Of the poem Upon Westminster Bridge

 

Appreciation Of the poem Upon Westminster Bridge

‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ is a Petrarchan sonnet written by the renowned Nature poet William Wordsworth. It is a 14-line poem divided into an octave and a sestet. The poem is about the poet’s feelings of fascination and wonder as he watches the early morning in the city of London from the Westminster Bridge.

The poet has used poetic devices such as Hyperbole, Personification, Alliteration, Metaphor and Simile. The use of Simile –‘This city now doth, like a garment, Wear the beauty of the morning’ creates a picturesque image. The artistic use of end-rhymes gives a song-like rhythm to the poem. The rhyme scheme is Ababa cdcdcd.

The main message of the poem is the beauty of the city in its natural setting before the routine activities have begun. This highlights the negative impact of industrialization which the poet believes may ruin the city. Overall, the poem is brilliantly outstanding and allows the readers to visualize the picture painted by Wordsworth. The tone of the poem changes from overwhelmed to calm, to excited and amazed by the end. The poet’s calling out to God in sheer amazement is indeed a sublime finish to the beautiful sonnet. This poem validates the fact that Wordsworth was a true Nature poet.

I like this poem for its simplicity, freshness & picturesque depiction. This over 200 year’s old poem has the supreme power to take anyone close to nature.

Appreciation of the poem – ‘There is another sky’

 

Appreciation of the poem – ‘There is another sky’

The poem ‘There is another sky’ is written by Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson is America’s one of the greatest and most original poets of all time. ‘There is another sky’ is an inspirational poem. It is a Petrarchan sonnet of fourteen lines consisting of two stanzas – an octave of eight lines and a sestet of six lines. Through this poem, the poet addresses her younger brother, Austin, and urges him to return home. Home is depicted here as a world, a garden, an ideal place.

The first stanza tells about the ‘other’ place and in the second stanza the poet urges her brother to return to this place. The poem emphasizes the serenity, peace and happiness surrounding one’s home. At the centre of the poem is the special sibling bond.

The theme of the poem is that happiness and gloom are the two sides of life and each one has to focus on what one desires. The lines of the poem are short and the language is simple. The poet has used inversion, hyperbole, onomatopoeia and alliteration. The poem is philosophical in nature and the tone of the poem is encouraging and pleading.

The message of the poem is that one should not get affected by trials and tribulations of life. I like this poem for its universal appeal. Anybody can relate to the genuine emotions and feelings involved in this poem. The poem is like a call of return to one’s sibling who are profoundly missed.

Appreciation of the poem (cherry tree)

 Appreciation of the poem (cherry tree)

Cherry Tree is a beautiful poem written by Ruskin Bond. It is a narrative poem describing the everyday struggle of a plant to grow & blossom. The poet’s tone is optimistic, full of wonder for the nature – he focuses on the growing aspect of nature. The poem has a beginning, middle and an end. It’s a simple poem about the poet’s innocent & pure joy. All the incidents are in nice sequence.

The poet planted a cherry seed which grew into a full blossomed tree after a wait of eight years. The poem is all about this wonderful experience and survival instinct of the tree. The time, that is the seasons and the rain helped the tree grow and the poet watched this patiently without much to do. The poem is about the poet’s sense of achievement & pride of having nurtured a tree.

The style & language of the poem is simple. Poetic devices such as Alliteration, Antithesis, Climax, Personification are used by the poet. The important aspect of this poem is its picturesque depiction & colourfull imagery. The whole process of a seed turning into a plant is been made appealing to the readers with colourfull & vivid description. The references of seasons, the sky, animals, birds, insects focus on the wonders of nature.

The poem gives a message of nature conservation- tree plantation & its importance. The cherry tree is indeed a ‘Giving Tree’. It also speaks about the tree’s determination to grow despite all odds.

I like the poem for its positive, optimistic tone. It encourages us to overcome the obstacles, hardships we may face in life & become resilient like the cherry tree.

Html code for Tetris game

 Html code for Tetris game

( copy paste the given code below)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang='en'>

 

<head>

    <meta charset='UTF-8'>

    <style>

        canvas {

            position: absolute;

            top: 45%;

            left: 50%;

            width: 640px;

            height: 640px;

            margin: -320px 0 0 -320px;

        }

    </style>

</head>

 

<body>

    <canvas></canvas>

    <script>

        'use strict';

        var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');

        canvas.width = 640;

        canvas.height = 640;

 

        var g = canvas.getContext('2d');

 

        var right = { x: 1, y: 0 };

        var down = { x: 0, y: 1 };

        var left = { x: -1, y: 0 };

 

        var EMPTY = -1;

        var BORDER = -2;

 

        var fallingShape;

        var nextShape;

        var dim = 640;

        var nRows = 18;

        var nCols = 12;

        var blockSize = 30;

        var topMargin = 50;

        var leftMargin = 20;

        var scoreX = 400;

        var scoreY = 330;

        var titleX = 130;

        var titleY = 160;

        var clickX = 120;

        var clickY = 400;

        var previewCenterX = 467;

        var previewCenterY = 97;

        var mainFont = 'bold 48px monospace';

        var smallFont = 'bold 18px monospace';

        var colors = ['green', 'red', 'blue', 'purple', 'orange', 'blueviolet', 'magenta'];

        var gridRect = { x: 46, y: 47, w: 308, h: 517 };

        var previewRect = { x: 387, y: 47, w: 200, h: 200 };

        var titleRect = { x: 100, y: 95, w: 252, h: 100 };

        var clickRect = { x: 50, y: 375, w: 252, h: 40 };

        var outerRect = { x: 5, y: 5, w: 630, h: 630 };

        var squareBorder = 'white';

        var titlebgColor = 'white';

        var textColor = 'black';

        var bgColor = '#DDEEFF';

        var gridColor = '#BECFEA';

        var gridBorderColor = '#7788AA';

        var largeStroke = 5;

        var smallStroke = 2;

 

        // position of falling shape

        var fallingShapeRow;

        var fallingShapeCol;

 

        var keyDown = false;

        var fastDown = false;

 

        var grid = [];

        var scoreboard = new Scoreboard();

 

        addEventListener('keydown', function (event) {

            if (!keyDown) {

                keyDown = true;

 

                if (scoreboard.isGameOver())

                    return;

 

                switch (event.key) {

 

                    case 'w':

                    case 'ArrowUp':

                        if (canRotate(fallingShape))

                            rotate(fallingShape);

                        break;

 

                    case 'a':

                    case 'ArrowLeft':

                        if (canMove(fallingShape, left))

                            move(left);

                        break;

 

                    case 'd':

                    case 'ArrowRight':

                        if (canMove(fallingShape, right))

                            move(right);

                        break;

 

                    case 's':

                    case 'ArrowDown':

                        if (!fastDown) {

                            fastDown = true;

                            while (canMove(fallingShape, down)) {

                                move(down);

                                draw();

                            }

                            shapeHasLanded();

                        }

                }

                draw();

            }

        });

 

        addEventListener('click', function () {

            startNewGame();

        });

 

        addEventListener('keyup', function () {

            keyDown = false;

            fastDown = false;

        });

 

        function canRotate(s) {

            if (s === Shapes.Square)

                return false;

 

            var pos = new Array(4);

            for (var i = 0; i < pos.length; i++) {

                pos[i] = s.pos[i].slice();

            }

 

            pos.forEach(function (row) {

                var tmp = row[0];

                row[0] = row[1];

                row[1] = -tmp;

            });

 

            return pos.every(function (p) {

                var newCol = fallingShapeCol + p[0];

                var newRow = fallingShapeRow + p[1];

                return grid[newRow][newCol] === EMPTY;

            });

        }

 

        function rotate(s) {

            if (s === Shapes.Square)

                return;

 

            s.pos.forEach(function (row) {

                var tmp = row[0];

                row[0] = row[1];

                row[1] = -tmp;

            });

        }

 

        function move(dir) {

            fallingShapeRow += dir.y;

            fallingShapeCol += dir.x;

        }

 

        function canMove(s, dir) {

            return s.pos.every(function (p) {

                var newCol = fallingShapeCol + dir.x + p[0];

                var newRow = fallingShapeRow + dir.y + p[1];

                return grid[newRow][newCol] === EMPTY;

            });

        }

 

        function shapeHasLanded() {

            addShape(fallingShape);

            if (fallingShapeRow < 2) {

                scoreboard.setGameOver();

                scoreboard.setTopscore();

            } else {

                scoreboard.addLines(removeLines());

            }

            selectShape();

        }

 

        function removeLines() {

            var count = 0;

            for (var r = 0; r < nRows - 1; r++) {

                for (var c = 1; c < nCols - 1; c++) {

                    if (grid[r][c] === EMPTY)

                        break;

                    if (c === nCols - 2) {

                        count++;

                        removeLine(r);

                    }

                }

            }

            return count;

        }

 

        function removeLine(line) {

            for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++)

                grid[line][c] = EMPTY;

 

            for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {

                for (var r = line; r > 0; r--)

                    grid[r][c] = grid[r - 1][c];

            }

        }

 

        function addShape(s) {

            s.pos.forEach(function (p) {

                grid[fallingShapeRow + p[1]][fallingShapeCol + p[0]] = s.ordinal;

            });

        }

 

        function Shape(shape, o) {

            this.shape = shape;

            this.pos = this.reset();

            this.ordinal = o;

        }

 

        var Shapes = {

            ZShape: [[0, -1], [0, 0], [-1, 0], [-1, 1]],

            SShape: [[0, -1], [0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1]],

            IShape: [[0, -1], [0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2]],

            TShape: [[-1, 0], [0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1]],

            Square: [[0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1]],

            LShape: [[-1, -1], [0, -1], [0, 0], [0, 1]],

            JShape: [[1, -1], [0, -1], [0, 0], [0, 1]]

        };

 

        function getRandomShape() {

            var keys = Object.keys(Shapes);

            var ord = Math.floor(Math.random() * keys.length);

            var shape = Shapes[keys[ord]];

            return new Shape(shape, ord);

        }

 

        Shape.prototype.reset = function () {

            this.pos = new Array(4);

            for (var i = 0; i < this.pos.length; i++) {

                this.pos[i] = this.shape[i].slice();

            }

            return this.pos;

        }

 

        function selectShape() {

            fallingShapeRow = 1;

            fallingShapeCol = 5;

            fallingShape = nextShape;

            nextShape = getRandomShape();

            if (fallingShape != null) {

                fallingShape.reset();

            }

        }

 

        function Scoreboard() {

            this.MAXLEVEL = 9;

 

            var level = 0;

            var lines = 0;

            var score = 0;

            var topscore = 0;

            var gameOver = true;

 

            this.reset = function () {

                this.setTopscore();

                level = lines = score = 0;

                gameOver = false;

            }

 

            this.setGameOver = function () {

                gameOver = true;

            }

 

            this.isGameOver = function () {

                return gameOver;

            }

 

            this.setTopscore = function () {

                if (score > topscore) {

                    topscore = score;

                }

            }

 

            this.getTopscore = function () {

                return topscore;

            }

 

            this.getSpeed = function () {

 

                switch (level) {

                    case 0: return 700;

                    case 1: return 600;

                    case 2: return 500;

                    case 3: return 400;

                    case 4: return 350;

                    case 5: return 300;

                    case 6: return 250;

                    case 7: return 200;

                    case 8: return 150;

                    case 9: return 100;

                    default: return 100;

                }

            }

 

            this.addScore = function (sc) {

                score += sc;

            }

 

            this.addLines = function (line) {

 

                switch (line) {

                    case 1:

                        this.addScore(10);

                        break;

                    case 2:

                        this.addScore(20);

                        break;

                    case 3:

                        this.addScore(30);

                        break;

                    case 4:

                        this.addScore(40);

                        break;

                    default:

                        return;

                }

 

                lines += line;

                if (lines > 10) {

                    this.addLevel();

                }

            }

 

            this.addLevel = function () {

                lines %= 10;

                if (level < this.MAXLEVEL) {

                    level++;

                }

            }

 

            this.getLevel = function () {

                return level;

            }

 

            this.getLines = function () {

                return lines;

            }

 

            this.getScore = function () {

                return score;

            }

        }

 

        function draw() {

            g.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

 

            drawUI();

 

            if (scoreboard.isGameOver()) {

                drawStartScreen();

            } else {

                drawFallingShape();

            }

        }

 

        function drawStartScreen() {

            g.font = mainFont;

 

            fillRect(titleRect, titlebgColor);

            fillRect(clickRect, titlebgColor);

 

            g.fillStyle = textColor;

            g.fillText('Tetris', titleX, titleY);

 

            g.font = smallFont;

            g.fillText('click to start', clickX, clickY);

        }

 

        function fillRect(r, color) {

            g.fillStyle = color;

            g.fillRect(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h);

        }

 

        function drawRect(r, color) {

            g.strokeStyle = color;

            g.strokeRect(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h);

        }

 

        function drawSquare(colorIndex, r, c) {

            var bs = blockSize;

            g.fillStyle = colors[colorIndex];

            g.fillRect(leftMargin + c * bs, topMargin + r * bs, bs, bs);

 

            g.lineWidth = smallStroke;

            g.strokeStyle = squareBorder;

            g.strokeRect(leftMargin + c * bs, topMargin + r * bs, bs, bs);

        }

 

        function drawUI() {

 

            // background

            fillRect(outerRect, bgColor);

            fillRect(gridRect, gridColor);

 

            // the blocks dropped in the grid

            for (var r = 0; r < nRows; r++) {

                for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {

                    var idx = grid[r][c];

                    if (idx > EMPTY)

                        drawSquare(idx, r, c);

                }

            }

 

            // the borders of grid and preview panel

            g.lineWidth = largeStroke;

            drawRect(gridRect, gridBorderColor);

            drawRect(previewRect, gridBorderColor);

            drawRect(outerRect, gridBorderColor);

 

            // scoreboard

            g.fillStyle = textColor;

            g.font = smallFont;

            g.fillText('hiscore    ' + scoreboard.getTopscore(), scoreX, scoreY);

            g.fillText('level      ' + scoreboard.getLevel(), scoreX, scoreY + 30);

            g.fillText('lines      ' + scoreboard.getLines(), scoreX, scoreY + 60);

            g.fillText('score      ' + scoreboard.getScore(), scoreX, scoreY + 90);

 

            // preview

            var minX = 5, minY = 5, maxX = 0, maxY = 0;

            nextShape.pos.forEach(function (p) {

                minX = Math.min(minX, p[0]);

                minY = Math.min(minY, p[1]);

                maxX = Math.max(maxX, p[0]);

                maxY = Math.max(maxY, p[1]);

            });

            var cx = previewCenterX - ((minX + maxX + 1) / 2.0 * blockSize);

            var cy = previewCenterY - ((minY + maxY + 1) / 2.0 * blockSize);

 

            g.translate(cx, cy);

            nextShape.shape.forEach(function (p) {

                drawSquare(nextShape.ordinal, p[1], p[0]);

            });

            g.translate(-cx, -cy);

        }

 

        function drawFallingShape() {

            var idx = fallingShape.ordinal;

            fallingShape.pos.forEach(function (p) {

                drawSquare(idx, fallingShapeRow + p[1], fallingShapeCol + p[0]);

            });

        }

 

       function animate(lastFrameTime) {

            var requestId = requestAnimationFrame(function () {

                animate(lastFrameTime);

            });

 

            var time = new Date().getTime();

            var delay = scoreboard.getSpeed();

 

            if (lastFrameTime + delay < time) {

 

                if (!scoreboard.isGameOver()) {

 

                    if (canMove(fallingShape, down)) {

                        move(down);

                    } else {

                        shapeHasLanded();

                    }

                    draw();

                    lastFrameTime = time;

 

                } else {

                    cancelAnimationFrame(requestId);

                }

            }

        }

 

        function startNewGame() {

            initGrid();

            selectShape();

            scoreboard.reset();

            animate(-1);

        }

 

        function initGrid() {

            function fill(arr, value) {

                for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

                    arr[i] = value;

                }

            }

            for (var r = 0; r < nRows; r++) {

                grid[r] = new Array(nCols);

                fill(grid[r], EMPTY);

                for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {

                    if (c === 0 || c === nCols - 1 || r === nRows - 1)

                        grid[r][c] = BORDER;

                }

            }

        }

 

        function init() {

            initGrid();

            selectShape();

            draw();

        }

 

        init();

    </script>

 

</body>

 

</html>