Mathematics , Science , Commerce,Computer Science , Information Technology, EVS Projects ,Free PDF & More..
Most Expected Questions
1. Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.
2. How many atoms are there in FCC explain.
3. Explain schotky and frenkel defect.
4. Explain metal deficiency with example.
5 . Substitutional and interstitial impurities defect
6. Calculate percentage packing efficiency in case of SCC ,FCC.
7. All pyq from ylearn app.
Most Expected Questions ( 4 -5 marks Fix)
1. What is transformer.
2. Explain the construction and working principle of transformer.
3. Derive the equation of transformer.
4. Distinguish between stepup and stepdown transformer.
5. Define self induction and mutual induction.
6. What are Eddy currents. Write it's 2 applications.
7. State Faraday laws of Electromagnetic Induction.
8. State Lenz law of Electromagnetic Induction.
9. Obtain an expression for rotational EMF of conducting bar in an uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of rotation.
10. Obtain an expression for EMF generated in a conductor moving in an uniform magnetic field along x axis.
Confirm Questions ( 5 marks Fix)
1. What is photo electric effect.
2. State two characteristics of photoelectric effect.
3. With a neat diagram explain the experimental setup to study photoelectric effect.
4. State Einstein's Photo electric equation and mention the significance of each term in it.
5. What is debroglies hypothesis. Obtain an expression for debroglies wavelength.
6. What is debroglies wavelength. Obtain an expression for it.
7. Define photo electric work function, threshold frequency, stopping potential.
Most Expected Questions ( 5-6 marks Fix Fix...)
1. What is value of resistance in an ideal voltmeter.
2. Define Potential Gradient
3. What is Shunt.
4. State Kirchoffs law of electricity.
5. Define Loop , Junction,Node.
6. Conversation of Mcg to ammeter.
7. Conversion of Mcg to voltmeter.
8. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter.
9. Distinguish between potentiometer and voltmeter.
10. Advantages of potentiometer over voltmeter.
11. With a neat diagram explain calculation of unknown resistance using meter bridge.
12. Obtain the balancing condition for wheatstone Bridge.
13. Explain calculation of internal resistance using potentiometer.
14. Show that deflection in MCG is directly proportional to the current passing through it.
Appreciation Of the
poem Upon Westminster Bridge
‘Upon
Westminster Bridge’ is a Petrarchan sonnet written by the renowned Nature poet
William Wordsworth. It is a 14-line poem divided into an octave and a sestet.
The poem is about the poet’s feelings of fascination and wonder as he watches
the early morning in the city of London from the Westminster Bridge.
The poet has
used poetic devices such as Hyperbole, Personification, Alliteration, Metaphor
and Simile. The use of Simile –‘This city now doth, like a garment, Wear the
beauty of the morning’ creates a picturesque image. The artistic use of
end-rhymes gives a song-like rhythm to the poem. The rhyme scheme is Ababa
cdcdcd.
The main
message of the poem is the beauty of the city in its natural setting before the
routine activities have begun. This highlights the negative impact of
industrialization which the poet believes may ruin the city. Overall, the poem
is brilliantly outstanding and allows the readers to visualize the picture
painted by Wordsworth. The tone of the poem changes from overwhelmed to calm,
to excited and amazed by the end. The poet’s calling out to God in sheer
amazement is indeed a sublime finish to the beautiful sonnet. This poem
validates the fact that Wordsworth was a true Nature poet.
I like this
poem for its simplicity, freshness & picturesque depiction. This over 200 year’s
old poem has the supreme power to take anyone close to nature.
Appreciation of the
poem – ‘There is another sky’
The poem
‘There is another sky’ is written by Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson is
America’s one of the greatest and most original poets of all time. ‘There is
another sky’ is an inspirational poem. It is a Petrarchan sonnet of fourteen
lines consisting of two stanzas – an octave of eight lines and a sestet of six
lines. Through this poem, the poet addresses her younger brother, Austin, and
urges him to return home. Home is depicted here as a world, a garden, an ideal
place.
The first
stanza tells about the ‘other’ place and in the second stanza the poet urges
her brother to return to this place. The poem emphasizes the serenity, peace
and happiness surrounding one’s home. At the centre of the poem is the special
sibling bond.
The theme of
the poem is that happiness and gloom are the two sides of life and each one has
to focus on what one desires. The lines of the poem are short and the language
is simple. The poet has used inversion, hyperbole, onomatopoeia and
alliteration. The poem is philosophical in nature and the tone of the poem is
encouraging and pleading.
The message
of the poem is that one should not get affected by trials and tribulations of
life. I like this poem for its universal appeal. Anybody can relate to the
genuine emotions and feelings involved in this poem. The poem is like a call of
return to one’s sibling who are profoundly missed.
Appreciation of the poem (cherry tree)
Cherry Tree is a beautiful poem written by Ruskin Bond. It is a narrative poem describing the everyday struggle of a plant to grow & blossom. The poet’s tone is optimistic, full of wonder for the nature – he focuses on the growing aspect of nature. The poem has a beginning, middle and an end. It’s a simple poem about the poet’s innocent & pure joy. All the incidents are in nice sequence.
The poet planted a cherry seed which grew into a full blossomed tree after a wait of eight years. The poem is all about this wonderful experience and survival instinct of the tree. The time, that is the seasons and the rain helped the tree grow and the poet watched this patiently without much to do. The poem is about the poet’s sense of achievement & pride of having nurtured a tree.
The style & language of the poem is simple. Poetic devices such as Alliteration, Antithesis, Climax, Personification are used by the poet. The important aspect of this poem is its picturesque depiction & colourfull imagery. The whole process of a seed turning into a plant is been made appealing to the readers with colourfull & vivid description. The references of seasons, the sky, animals, birds, insects focus on the wonders of nature.
The poem gives a message of nature conservation- tree plantation & its importance. The cherry tree is indeed a ‘Giving Tree’. It also speaks about the tree’s determination to grow despite all odds.
I like the poem for its positive, optimistic tone. It encourages us to overcome the obstacles, hardships we may face in life & become resilient like the cherry tree.
Html code for Tetris game
( copy paste the given code below)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang='en'>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'>
<style>
canvas {
position: absolute;
top: 45%;
left: 50%;
width: 640px;
height: 640px;
margin: -320px 0 0 -320px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas></canvas>
<script>
'use strict';
var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
canvas.width = 640;
canvas.height = 640;
var g = canvas.getContext('2d');
var right = { x: 1, y: 0 };
var down = { x: 0, y: 1 };
var left = { x: -1, y: 0 };
var EMPTY = -1;
var BORDER = -2;
var fallingShape;
var nextShape;
var dim = 640;
var nRows = 18;
var nCols = 12;
var blockSize = 30;
var topMargin = 50;
var leftMargin = 20;
var scoreX = 400;
var scoreY = 330;
var titleX = 130;
var titleY = 160;
var clickX = 120;
var clickY = 400;
var previewCenterX = 467;
var previewCenterY = 97;
var mainFont = 'bold 48px monospace';
var smallFont = 'bold 18px monospace';
var colors = ['green', 'red', 'blue', 'purple', 'orange', 'blueviolet', 'magenta'];
var gridRect = { x: 46, y: 47, w: 308, h: 517 };
var previewRect = { x: 387, y: 47, w: 200, h: 200 };
var titleRect = { x: 100, y: 95, w: 252, h: 100 };
var clickRect = { x: 50, y: 375, w: 252, h: 40 };
var outerRect = { x: 5, y: 5, w: 630, h: 630 };
var squareBorder = 'white';
var titlebgColor = 'white';
var textColor = 'black';
var bgColor = '#DDEEFF';
var gridColor = '#BECFEA';
var gridBorderColor = '#7788AA';
var largeStroke = 5;
var smallStroke = 2;
// position of falling shape
var fallingShapeRow;
var fallingShapeCol;
var keyDown = false;
var fastDown = false;
var grid = [];
var scoreboard = new Scoreboard();
addEventListener('keydown', function (event) {
if (!keyDown) {
keyDown = true;
if (scoreboard.isGameOver())
return;
switch (event.key) {
case 'w':
case 'ArrowUp':
if (canRotate(fallingShape))
rotate(fallingShape);
break;
case 'a':
case 'ArrowLeft':
if (canMove(fallingShape, left))
move(left);
break;
case 'd':
case 'ArrowRight':
if (canMove(fallingShape, right))
move(right);
break;
case 's':
case 'ArrowDown':
if (!fastDown) {
fastDown = true;
while (canMove(fallingShape, down)) {
move(down);
draw();
}
shapeHasLanded();
}
}
draw();
}
});
addEventListener('click', function () {
startNewGame();
});
addEventListener('keyup', function () {
keyDown = false;
fastDown = false;
});
function canRotate(s) {
if (s === Shapes.Square)
return false;
var pos = new Array(4);
for (var i = 0; i < pos.length; i++) {
pos[i] = s.pos[i].slice();
}
pos.forEach(function (row) {
var tmp = row[0];
row[0] = row[1];
row[1] = -tmp;
});
return pos.every(function (p) {
var newCol = fallingShapeCol + p[0];
var newRow = fallingShapeRow + p[1];
return grid[newRow][newCol] === EMPTY;
});
}
function rotate(s) {
if (s === Shapes.Square)
return;
s.pos.forEach(function (row) {
var tmp = row[0];
row[0] = row[1];
row[1] = -tmp;
});
}
function move(dir) {
fallingShapeRow += dir.y;
fallingShapeCol += dir.x;
}
function canMove(s, dir) {
return s.pos.every(function (p) {
var newCol = fallingShapeCol + dir.x + p[0];
var newRow = fallingShapeRow + dir.y + p[1];
return grid[newRow][newCol] === EMPTY;
});
}
function shapeHasLanded() {
addShape(fallingShape);
if (fallingShapeRow < 2) {
scoreboard.setGameOver();
scoreboard.setTopscore();
} else {
scoreboard.addLines(removeLines());
}
selectShape();
}
function removeLines() {
var count = 0;
for (var r = 0; r < nRows - 1; r++) {
for (var c = 1; c < nCols - 1; c++) {
if (grid[r][c] === EMPTY)
break;
if (c === nCols - 2) {
count++;
removeLine(r);
}
}
}
return count;
}
function removeLine(line) {
for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++)
grid[line][c] = EMPTY;
for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {
for (var r = line; r > 0; r--)
grid[r][c] = grid[r - 1][c];
}
}
function addShape(s) {
s.pos.forEach(function (p) {
grid[fallingShapeRow + p[1]][fallingShapeCol + p[0]] = s.ordinal;
});
}
function Shape(shape, o) {
this.shape = shape;
this.pos = this.reset();
this.ordinal = o;
}
var Shapes = {
ZShape: [[0, -1], [0, 0], [-1, 0], [-1, 1]],
SShape: [[0, -1], [0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1]],
IShape: [[0, -1], [0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2]],
TShape: [[-1, 0], [0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1]],
Square: [[0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1]],
LShape: [[-1, -1], [0, -1], [0, 0], [0, 1]],
JShape: [[1, -1], [0, -1], [0, 0], [0, 1]]
};
function getRandomShape() {
var keys = Object.keys(Shapes);
var ord = Math.floor(Math.random() * keys.length);
var shape = Shapes[keys[ord]];
return new Shape(shape, ord);
}
Shape.prototype.reset = function () {
this.pos = new Array(4);
for (var i = 0; i < this.pos.length; i++) {
this.pos[i] = this.shape[i].slice();
}
return this.pos;
}
function selectShape() {
fallingShapeRow = 1;
fallingShapeCol = 5;
fallingShape = nextShape;
nextShape = getRandomShape();
if (fallingShape != null) {
fallingShape.reset();
}
}
function Scoreboard() {
this.MAXLEVEL = 9;
var level = 0;
var lines = 0;
var score = 0;
var topscore = 0;
var gameOver = true;
this.reset = function () {
this.setTopscore();
level = lines = score = 0;
gameOver = false;
}
this.setGameOver = function () {
gameOver = true;
}
this.isGameOver = function () {
return gameOver;
}
this.setTopscore = function () {
if (score > topscore) {
topscore = score;
}
}
this.getTopscore = function () {
return topscore;
}
this.getSpeed = function () {
switch (level) {
case 0: return 700;
case 1: return 600;
case 2: return 500;
case 3: return 400;
case 4: return 350;
case 5: return 300;
case 6: return 250;
case 7: return 200;
case 8: return 150;
case 9: return 100;
default: return 100;
}
}
this.addScore = function (sc) {
score += sc;
}
this.addLines = function (line) {
switch (line) {
case 1:
this.addScore(10);
break;
case 2:
this.addScore(20);
break;
case 3:
this.addScore(30);
break;
case 4:
this.addScore(40);
break;
default:
return;
}
lines += line;
if (lines > 10) {
this.addLevel();
}
}
this.addLevel = function () {
lines %= 10;
if (level < this.MAXLEVEL) {
level++;
}
}
this.getLevel = function () {
return level;
}
this.getLines = function () {
return lines;
}
this.getScore = function () {
return score;
}
}
function draw() {
g.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
drawUI();
if (scoreboard.isGameOver()) {
drawStartScreen();
} else {
drawFallingShape();
}
}
function drawStartScreen() {
g.font = mainFont;
fillRect(titleRect, titlebgColor);
fillRect(clickRect, titlebgColor);
g.fillStyle = textColor;
g.fillText('Tetris', titleX, titleY);
g.font = smallFont;
g.fillText('click to start', clickX, clickY);
}
function fillRect(r, color) {
g.fillStyle = color;
g.fillRect(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h);
}
function drawRect(r, color) {
g.strokeStyle = color;
g.strokeRect(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h);
}
function drawSquare(colorIndex, r, c) {
var bs = blockSize;
g.fillStyle = colors[colorIndex];
g.fillRect(leftMargin + c * bs, topMargin + r * bs, bs, bs);
g.lineWidth = smallStroke;
g.strokeStyle = squareBorder;
g.strokeRect(leftMargin + c * bs, topMargin + r * bs, bs, bs);
}
function drawUI() {
// background
fillRect(outerRect, bgColor);
fillRect(gridRect, gridColor);
// the blocks dropped in the grid
for (var r = 0; r < nRows; r++) {
for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {
var idx = grid[r][c];
if (idx > EMPTY)
drawSquare(idx, r, c);
}
}
// the borders of grid and preview panel
g.lineWidth = largeStroke;
drawRect(gridRect, gridBorderColor);
drawRect(previewRect, gridBorderColor);
drawRect(outerRect, gridBorderColor);
// scoreboard
g.fillStyle = textColor;
g.font = smallFont;
g.fillText('hiscore ' + scoreboard.getTopscore(), scoreX, scoreY);
g.fillText('level ' + scoreboard.getLevel(), scoreX, scoreY + 30);
g.fillText('lines ' + scoreboard.getLines(), scoreX, scoreY + 60);
g.fillText('score ' + scoreboard.getScore(), scoreX, scoreY + 90);
// preview
var minX = 5, minY = 5, maxX = 0, maxY = 0;
nextShape.pos.forEach(function (p) {
minX = Math.min(minX, p[0]);
minY = Math.min(minY, p[1]);
maxX = Math.max(maxX, p[0]);
maxY = Math.max(maxY, p[1]);
});
var cx = previewCenterX - ((minX + maxX + 1) / 2.0 * blockSize);
var cy = previewCenterY - ((minY + maxY + 1) / 2.0 * blockSize);
g.translate(cx, cy);
nextShape.shape.forEach(function (p) {
drawSquare(nextShape.ordinal, p[1], p[0]);
});
g.translate(-cx, -cy);
}
function drawFallingShape() {
var idx = fallingShape.ordinal;
fallingShape.pos.forEach(function (p) {
drawSquare(idx, fallingShapeRow + p[1], fallingShapeCol + p[0]);
});
}
function animate(lastFrameTime) {
var requestId = requestAnimationFrame(function () {
animate(lastFrameTime);
});
var time = new Date().getTime();
var delay = scoreboard.getSpeed();
if (lastFrameTime + delay < time) {
if (!scoreboard.isGameOver()) {
if (canMove(fallingShape, down)) {
move(down);
} else {
shapeHasLanded();
}
draw();
lastFrameTime = time;
} else {
cancelAnimationFrame(requestId);
}
}
}
function startNewGame() {
initGrid();
selectShape();
scoreboard.reset();
animate(-1);
}
function initGrid() {
function fill(arr, value) {
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = value;
}
}
for (var r = 0; r < nRows; r++) {
grid[r] = new Array(nCols);
fill(grid[r], EMPTY);
for (var c = 0; c < nCols; c++) {
if (c === 0 || c === nCols - 1 || r === nRows - 1)
grid[r][c] = BORDER;
}
}
}
function init() {
initGrid();
selectShape();
draw();
}
init();
</script>
</body>
</html>
Oscillations( Section A)
A1.
The phase of a particle in S.H.M. is π/2, then :
Restoring force on it will be minimum. Its displacement will be maximum.
A2.
At mean position,kinetic energy will be maximum and potential energy will be minimum
A3.
A simple pendulum whose period is two seconds is called a second's pendulum.
A4.
The epoch in simple harmonic motion (SHM) is the phase of a vibrating particle at the start of its motion, or when time t = 0. It's also known as the initial phase.
A5.
The time period of a (SHM) remains the same if its amplitude is doubled. This is because the period of an SHM depends on inertia and spring factors, which are independent of amplitude.
A5.
Force constant is the force required to produce a unit extension or compression in a spring. It's also known as the spring constant and is represented by the symbol k. The SI unit for force constant is newtons per meter (N/m).
A6.
3/4th
A7.
given V = 0.24 m/s , a = 0.48 m/s2 to find time period T
formula : T = 2*pi*V /a
T = 2*3.14*0.24 /0.48 = 3.14 seconds
Time period T = 3.14 seconds
A8.
given T = 1/8 seconds , to find frequency F
formula : F = 1/T
F = 1/1/8 = 8 hertz
Section B
Section C
4.Answer ( click here )👈