HSC EVS PROJECT WORK ON WATER POLLUTION
PROJECT
WORK ON WATER POLLUTION
INTRODUCTION:
India
is a land with many beautiful rivers and countryside. In India many of the
rivers are considered to be holy, but water pollution in India has caused many
of the rivers to be too polluted for use. Water pollution is a very serious
problem in India which is the second most populous nation in the world. It is
estimated that over 70% of all of India’s surface water is polluted in some way
and many of the groundwater reserves have also been contaminated as a result of
biological and industrial pollutants. As more and more water becomes polluted the water pollution in India gets
more and more severe. Many rivers have been deemed to be unsafe for human
consumption which leads to water scarcity. Water pollution in India also makes
irrigating crops difficult. If the water supply is too polluted to drink it
should not be used for watering crops. With limited sources of water and
pollution increasing every day India is facing a serious water crisis.
Water
pollution is becoming a huge problem which is faced by all of the human
existence and as well as by every wild life species. According to present
scales for pollution of water, 10 to 15 billion pounds full of waste materials
like garbage is threw in different seas and rivers of the entire world. Not only
had this, now, as per the latest records for water pollution in India; had 20
billion gallons of drinking water pollution also dumped in running rivers and
seas.
This
serious problem of water pollution is not only serious for the present day but,
it is also getting worst on a regular day by day basis. As the seas and rivers
have a running current of movement; thus, pollution of water does get
transported in to various cities and towns on an immense scale. Not only this
but, pollution of water also travel to various locations and hence increase
water pollution in India. One more reason for the increasing air and water
pollution along with drinking water pollution is because of highly growing
industrial sector. These industrial sectors not only results harmfully in
increasing drinking water pollution but also increase the air and water
pollution on the same time. Another major reason for pollution of water in our
country is because of the huge population which is increasing day-by-day.
Today, with such huge growing population also the ecosystem is getting effected
and giving rise directly to the air and water pollution. Huge population means
higher level of water pollution and higher level for pollution of water
increases the diseases and death rate for human lives. Thus, rapidly growth in
high population is also resulting in increased water pollution in India. Now,
if seen clearly and closely on these told water pollution sources, then it can
be said that both increasing population and industrialization are the major
reason behind the drinking water pollution along with other air and water
pollution.
Today, water pollution is the greatest problem which can easily cause harmful effect
to the entire ecosystem. Dead animals and wild life species is not a new
headline coming from the reason of drinking water pollution along with air and
water pollution. Just because of this reason of water pollution in India, many
diseases namely: Hepatitis also get transferred by these dead animals. Thus, to
stop such problems of water pollution in India, major steps and measures to
control it must be taken quickly.
IMPORTANCE
Water pollution is important as
It destroys important food sources and contaminates
drinking water with chemicals that can cause immediate and long-term harm to
human health. Water pollution also often severely damages aquatic ecosystems.
Rivers, lakes, and oceans are used as open sewers for industrial and
residential waste.
Some 80 percent of the world's wastewater is
dumped—largely untreated—back into the environment, polluting rivers, lakes,
and oceans. This widespread problem of water pollution is jeopardizing our
health. Unsafe water kills more people each year than war and all other forms
of violence combined.
Coastal
waters in estuaries and lagoons are subject to heavy pollution loads, though
the level of pollutants in them may not remain high continuously, due to
dilution and flushing by riverine flow or tidal action. Sri Lanka has 103
rivers radiating from central hills that flow down to coast. They carry with
them different pollutant stresses, some carrying heavy pollutant loads
(organic, inorganic, faecal matter, waste-oil, etc.). The degree of pollution
may vary temporally as well as spatially, depending on the precipitation in the
catchments and the distance to the sources (Mubarak, 2000). Discharge of water
from brackish water shrimp ponds to adjoining water bodies, as often as twice
weekly, can lead to heavy water pollution due to their high nutrient, chemical
and pesticide contents. They may lead to eutrophication, resulting in algal
blooms, which are toxic and oxygen depleting and leading to fish and shrimp
mortalities.
OBJECTIVES:
To design Pollution prevention Plan for reducing or eliminating waste at the source by
modifying production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic
substances, implementing conservation techniques and re-using materials rather
than putting them into the waste stream.
(1) To collect wastewater from residences,
industries, institutions, and so on,
(2) To find a place to discharge the wastewater
(usually the nearest water course is chosen, but wastewater could also be used
for groundwater recharge or even recycled to water supply),
(3) To remove water pollutants that would
produce adverse impacts to the receiving water or adversely affect the health
of people subsequently using the water and
(4) To do all the above in a cost - effective
manner.
METHODOLOGY:
The
methodology to achieve the project goal is the use of UWRM concept by
holistically viewing the urban water network and all levels of the aquatic
system according to the principle of emissions (source of pollution) / emissions
(contamination). Urban water management involves comprehensive look at all
urban resources: the lake as a source of drinking water and asset worthy of
protection, restoration of the urban waters network, storm water management,
and wastewater treatment. Due to rapid development rates in the demonstration
region, suburban and rural areas and the effects of agriculture (non-point
pollution sources) will be fully considered. The UWRM concept is based on a
regional implementation strategy with flexible decentralized cluster solutions
for wastewater treatment. An important basis for successful implementation of
the UWRM concept is the establishment of extensive monitoring platforms (urban
and lake observatories) for the sources of water pollution as well as the
recipient, Lake Apple. The observatories serve as an early warning system for
operational water management (drinking water). Long-term monitoring also
enables reliable assessment of measures and any observations of emerging
pollutants, such as micro pollutants. An environmental information system (EIS)
will make data available for the UWRM concept, including necessary data
infrastructures, interoperable simulation tools, and Web services. The
combination of monitoring and modelling platforms in UIS firstly allows for the
identification of contaminant sources and paths in the entire catchment, and
secondly, is an important tool for the operational water management and
long-term water quality prognoses. The modelling platforms examine all levels
of the coupled hydrologic system including soils and groundwater.
Implementation concept and project structure
The implementation concept will be developed
in close cooperation with regional stakeholders, public utilities, and
development banks, such as ADB. The demonstration projects—involving five
German companies - play an important role in the cooperation among economy and
science and the real-world applicability of the outcomes.
The overall project goals, the methodology,
and the implementation concept have led to the following project structure for
the R&D project “Urban Catchments”, divided into 4 work packages:
A. Urban water management
B. Decentralized wastewater management
C. Lake Apple
D. Environmental information system
OBSERVATIONS:
As India grows and urbanizes, its water bodies
are getting toxic. It's estimated that around 70% of surface water in India is
unfit for consumption. Every day, almost 40 million litres of wastewater enters
rivers and other water bodies with only a tiny fraction adequately treated. A
recent World Bank report suggests that such a release of pollution upstream
lowers economic growth in downstream areas, reducing GDP growth in these
regions by up to a third. To make it worse, in middle-income countries like
India where water pollution is a bigger problem, the impact increases to a loss
of almost half of GDP growth. Another study estimates that being downstream of
polluted stretches in India is associated with a 9% reduction in agricultural
revenues and a 16% drop in downstream agricultural yields.
The cost of environmental degradation in India
is estimated to be INR 3.75 trillion ($80 billion) a year. The health costs
relating to water pollution are alone estimated at about INR 470-610 billion
($6.7-8.7 billion per year) – most associated with diarrheal mortality and
morbidity of children under five and other population morbidities. Apart from
the economic cost, lack of water, sanitation and hygiene results in the loss of
400,000 lives per year in India. Globally, 1.5 million children under five die
and 200 million days of work are lost each year as a result of water-related
diseases.
ANALYSIS:
Today, water pollution is one of the serious
concerns for each and every country around the world. Thus, for this purpose
there are numerous of laws and regulations for water pollution solutions are
been imposed everywhere. But, then also drawbacks are faced by these solutions
to water pollution. Reason behind the drawbacks for water pollution solutions
in India is not by its imposition but in some regions enforcement of these
rules are not that much strict in comparisons to others.
To get control and to impose these water
pollution solutions literally in every places, government just have to again
place the regulations and rules regarding it. Moreover some effective water
pollution solutions in India involves the reduction in manures and chemical
usages and promoting a bio-dynamic cultivation for farming purposes. Lesser
deforestation and creating ponds to lower the level of flow which enters under
the surface as underground water are also major water pollution solutions. In
another possible solutions to water pollution is to lower the level of usage
for chemicals and other pesticides for farming process. By utilizing lesser or stopping
gradually the usage of fertilizers and such chemicals also can be considered as
very effective water pollution solutions in India. Some other solutions to
water pollution are like, re-establishment of wetlands and filtration of waste
materials. Driving fewer vehicles also results as better water pollution
solutions. Better sewage and reduction of other dumping waste materials in seas
and oceans also acts as solutions to water pollution. Conservation of water and
better techniques for the managing the storm water are also good water
pollution solutions in India.
Changes for water pollution solutions in India
not only can take place on the national level but, individuals can contribute a
lot in it. Any single person can also help in solutions to water pollution. By
purchasing green products like organic products and individual protections for
usage of chemicals in our daily life can also results in better water pollution
solutions. It is a duty of every citizen to properly place the garbage and
dispose of it to a right place which can reduce the unwanted chemical flow in
the atmosphere and also reduces the waste materials which are dumped in seas
and oceans.
Water pollution prevention in India is the
most important work for the environment which includes the support from both
government and as well as form people also. For this water pollution control
various rules and regulations under various acts are imposed on several
sectors. Mostly this prevention of water pollution acts are imposed on the
industrial sector than any other. As increasing pollution is becoming a serious
problem these days, thus, water pollution prevention procedure is been working
with its full efficiency.
Major part of the country is affected and
working on water pollution prevention in India with these sorts of water and
air pollutions just because of the industrial sector. This heavy
industrialization with bigger area of working chemical factories directly dumps
tons of waste chemicals and materials in seas and oceans against water pollution
control which causes such problems. Things which are needed for water pollution
prevention in India are sudden change and gradual action should be taken toward
it. Bann on dumping of waste materials and hazardous chemicals can also act as
a good water pollution control. It can be understood that dumping is not the
way to get rid of the waste materials and also make hurdles in the path for
prevention of water pollution. Primary education and awareness is also a good
measure for water pollution prevention. There have been many programs started
similarly to this water pollution prevention in India. Water pollution control
can also be done by lowering the usage of chemicals and fertilizers. Personal
precautions like driving lesser vehicles can also prove to be a good prevention
of water pollution. Above all, a better water pollution prevention needs a
higher level of interest which must be given upon it.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
Water pollution depletes aquatic ecosystems
and triggers unbridled proliferation of phytoplankton in lakes — eutrophication
—. Contamination of the food chain.
Water pollution destroys important food
sources and contaminates drinking water with chemicals that can cause immediate
and long-term harm to human health. Water pollution also often severely damages
aquatic ecosystems. Rivers, lakes, and oceans are used as open sewers for
industrial and residential waste.
We can stop water pollution by treating waste products before disposing of it in water bodies that helps reduce water pollution on a large scale. Agriculture or other industries can reuse this wastewater by reducing its toxic contents